Smart Helmet with Accident Detection

Road accidents involving motorcyclists are one of the major causes of injuries and fatalities worldwide. Many accidents become more serious due to the absence of proper safety measures and delayed emergency response. This paper presents the design and development of an IoT-based Smart Helmet Safety System that improves rider safety by integrating multiple sensors and real-time communication technology. The proposed system is built around an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with several sensors such as MQ3 for alcohol detection, MQ2 for gas detection, MPU6050 for accident detection, DHT22 and BME280 for environmental monitoring, and MLX90614 for body temperature measurement. The system ensures that the motorcycle starts only when the rider wears the helmet, thereby enforcing helmet usage and improving road safety. In the event of sudden impact or abnormal motion detected by the MPU6050 sensor, the system identifies a potential accident. Once an accident is detected, the ESP32 automatically sends an emergency alert message to predefined contacts through a Telegram Bot using Wi-Fi connectivity. The system is powered by lithium batteries supported by a solar panel, providing a sustainable and efficient power source. By combining rider authentication, accident detection, environmental monitoring, and real-time alert communication, the proposed system aims to reduce accident risks and improve emergency response time.