Performance and Emission test of Calcium Carbonate as Catalytic Converter on Four Stroke Single Cylinder

Petrol engines are widely used automobile application for private and commercial transportation use because of its good fuel efficiency and durability. However, petrol engine emissions are harmful to human health and to the environment and are at targets for its reduction, especially in city & urban area because most of the petrol engines are used in human populated areas. Vehicle pollutants emission control regulations are been strictly introduced in all industrialized countries in order to reduce the emissions of vehicles powered by I.C. engines. The pollutants which are limited today are Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM). Strict reduction in these emissions is mandatory to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards, such as EURO V, US 2010. The available methods of petrol engine pollutant reduction include engine modification or improvement, using petrol with additives to decrease pollutants and after-treatment of exhaust gas. There are many reports of oxidation catalysts in the exhaust system of petrol engines, which had proven significant reductions in HC, PM and CO with oxidation catalysts. However, its advantages depend upon engine loads / exhaust temperatures and periodical cleaning of unit of Catalytic Converter cell. Normally observed that these converters have 5-6 years of life and the performance deteriorates with impurities deposition on basic metal surface with passage of time. The light-off temperature of petrol oxidation catalyst is usually around 200 °C. Calcium carbonate is naturally available good resource for its chemical reactivity and its proven performance for exhaust gas treatment.