OBD I & II (On Board Diagnostic)

OBD or On-Board Diagnostics refers to a system for emission control which has the capability to detect a malfunction and to store the related information in nonvolatile memory. The OBD system monitors the emission relevant components or systems, stores detected malfunctions indicating likely area of malfunction and activates Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) if necessary. On-board diagnostics, required by governmental regulations, provide a means for reducing harmful pollutants into the environment. Since being mandated in 2010 in India, the regulations have continued to evolve and require engineers to design systems that meet strict guidelines. The OBD system has a microcontroller based processing system and monitors the sensors installed at different parts of vehicle to observe various emission related parameters and emission control system/devices, processing unit will take input from these sensors and signal conditioners, calculate the real-time values of vehicle parameters and give output. System will be able to diagnose faults in parameters, abnormal abrupt changes, notify user of any abnormal condition, and indicate the cause of fault. The OBD system is installed in vehicles to improve in house emission compliance by alerting the vehicle operator when a malfunction exists and to aid automobile repair technicians in identifying and repairing malfunctioning systems in the emission control system.