Performance-Based Suitability Assessment of Quarry Aggregates for Concrete in Hydropower Projects

The selection and characterization of construction materials, particularly aggregates, are essential for ensuring the structural integrity, durability, and longevity of hydraulic structures, such as hydropower projects. Aggregates, which make up approximately 70–80% of the total concrete volume, significantly influence workability, mechanical strength, density, thermal performance, and long-term durability. This study presents a systematic evaluation framework for both coarse and fine aggregates in accordance with relevant Indian Standards (IS), with a focus on identifying and qualifying suitable sources from rock quarries and riverbed materials (RBM). Coarse aggregates underwent a comprehensive series of tests, including specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV), aggregate crushing value (ACV), Los Angeles abrasion value, soundness, and alkali-silica reactivity (ASR). These tests were conducted to assess mechanical performance and resistance to durability-related issues. Fine aggregates were evaluated based on fineness modulus, percentage of material finer than a 75 micron, and ASR expansion. The acceptance criteria outlined in IS 383:2016 served as the basis for material approval. The proposed evaluation methodology ensures the selection of aggregates with high-quality attributes, thereby enhancing the performance reliability of hydropower infrastructure and reducing the risks associated with premature material degradation.