Study on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Waste Paper Sludge Ash and Coarse Aggregate with Rubber Chips

Nowadays, there are many experiments conducted in order to replace the use of cement clinker with other materials such as waste ashes and industrial by-products. The waste ashes and industrial byproducts are found contain pozzolanic properties and hydraulic activities similar to the properties of cement clinker which can be used as cementitious material (CM). Recently, several types of CM can be obtained in the industry such as fly ash, wastepaper sludge ash (WSA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume. Those materials are now widely used among CM. Management of waste-tyre rubber is very difficult for municipalities to handle because the waste tyre rubber is not easily biodegradable even after long-period of landfill treatment. However, recycling of waste tyre rubber is an alternative. Recycled waste-tyre rubbers have been used in different application. It has been used as a fuel for cement kiln, as feedstock for making carbon black, and as artificial reefs in marine environment.