A Review: Parametric Study on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Sea Shells and Coconut Shells

Use of sea shells and coconut shells in concrete has attracted widespread attention from construction industry due to the multiple sustainability benefits they offer. This paper critically reviews the current state of knowledge and technology of using sea shells and coconut shells to concrete. Detailed review on the various preparation techniques and the resulting properties of sea shells and coconut shells are presented and the effects of sea shells and coconut shells on the fresh and hardened concrete properties are discussed in this paper. The effect of sea shells and coconut shells on workability, plastic shrinkage, and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, crack behavior and dry shrinkage is discussed in this paper. Pull-out behavior of the coconut shell in the concrete are also reviewed. Finally, some applications of the sea shells and coconut shells concrete are discussed.