The Internet of Things is an emerging technology. The technology that has made our world smarter. With the help of the same "Internet of Things" we can transform our daily use home into a "smart home" and use it extensively to make our daily life easier and more comfortable. This paper describes the concept of "smart home". There are many appliances in your home but this paper gives an overview of how you can make your home smart by incorporating those smart initiatives. In a "smart home" a person can handle devices from a certain distance, control them, and this is what the Patient, elderly, and other humans in the home take advantage. Homes in some areas have been transformed into "smart homes" using the Internet of Things, and "smart cities" are emerging. And the country is developing. Similarly, all the type of function, application, security and privacy challenges in this regard are proposed in this paper.

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Agri technologists are in charge of recognizing plant illnesses, and segmentation techniques may be utilized to diagnose them early on. Knowledge bases for this objective have been presented in this research, and they are frequently based on facts selected by the customer or image analysis of plant pictures in visible, ultraviolet, and other light wavelengths. Indications such as blisters or spots in multiple regions of a plant may frequently be used to diagnose a disease. The color, size, and quantity of these spots can all help pinpoint the illness that has killed a plant. Here's a description of a Mobile phone application that can identify illnesses from photographs of leaf surface with an efficiency of more than 93%. This software may easily be customized to work with a variety of plant illnesses and smart phone technologies.

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GitHub (https://github.com/) is a web-based software project repository that claims to be the world's largest open source community, with over 31 million repositories containing both code and documentation. GitHub contains social elements as well as development tools like as issue tracking (bug reports and feature requests), notifications, diffs, and status dashboards. Readmes, a wiki, and GitHub Pages are the three alternatives for documenting a project in GitHub. Markdown syntax may be used to create all of these choices. Because documents and code are both saved in the same repository, they may share the same workflow, which is extremely valuable in an Agile setting.

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Retinal vessel segmentation algorithms are important factor in ophthalmological diagnosis systems. This work examines the blood vessel segmentation methodologies in two dimensional retinal images and a survey of techniques is presented. The aim of this paper is to review, analyse and categorize the retinal vessel extraction algorithms, techniques and methodologies, giving a brief description. We intend to give the reader a structure for the existing methods to introduce the range of retinal vessel segmentation algorithms to discuss the current trends and future directions and summarize the open problems.

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In current tourism system, whenever a tourist visits famous spots, to know more about the place he hires a guide. The hired guide then narrates history of the place. Now a day mobile phone is a necessary part of the people’s life. There is continuously rising in a number of mobile computing applications, centered on the people’s daily life. In such applications, location dependent systems have been detected as an important application. Such application which presents the Architecture and implementation of such a location is commonly known as Smart Travel Guide. We propose architecture of mobile tourist guide system for Android Mobile Phones that is able to provide tourism information to the mobile users conveniently. Our system takes advantage of light-weighted mash up technology that can combine more than one data sources to create value-added services, while overcomes the limitations of mobile devices. The Mobile application installed on the mobile of tourist can act as a guide. Additionally, the application would help user to find out the weather forecast of the place.

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Cashew is the one of the major horticultural crops in the Konkan Region of Maharashtra. Hence, the cashew processing industries are having good scope in this region. The usual trend is that the entrepreneurs here start their cashew processing unit on small scale and with the availability of funds they expand their unit. Hence, there is no logical expansion of the processing plants occur that ultimately add to the processing cost. The processing units which are set with proper planning can save time and motion and the cost of processing. This article presents the time and motion study of two cashew processing units one of which is gradually expanded while the other one is set up with proper planning. A theoretical attempt is made to improve the planning of the gradually expanded unit to reduce the time and motion.

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Sustainable resource management and development have been at the forefront of important issues concerning the construction industry for the past several years. Specifically, the use of sustainable building materials and the reuse and recycling of previously used building materials is gaining acceptance and becoming common place in many areas. As one of the most commonly used building materials in the world, concrete, composed of aggregate, sand, cement and water, can be recycled and reused in a variety of applications. Using crushed concrete as fill and sub-grade material under roads, sidewalks and foundations has been the most common of these applications. However, research has been ongoing over the past 50 years in many countries including Germany, India, Canada, Japan, the United States, China, and Australia investigating the use of crushed concrete from demolished old concrete structures to fully or partially replace the virgin aggregate used to produce new concrete for use in building and pavement applications. Producing concrete using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) has several advantages, namely, the burden placed on non-renewable aggregate resources may be significantly decreased, the service life and capacity of landfill and waste management facilities can be extended, and the carbon dioxide emissions and traffic congestion associated with the transport of virgin aggregates from remote sites can be reduced. This research investigates the inter-relationships between aggregate properties, concrete properties and the bond properties between reinforcing steel and RCA concrete. Forty pullout tests were carried out in order to investigate the bond behaviour between recycled coarse aggregate concrete and steel rebars. Four recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages (i.e., 0%, 30%, 60% and 90%) with water-cement ratio 0.42, 0.45, 0.48, 0.51, 0.55 are considered in this paper. Based on the test results, the influences of both recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages and water- cement ratio on the bond strength between the recycled coarse aggregate concrete and steel rebars were investigated. It was found that under the equivalent mix proportion (i.e., the mix proportions are the same, except for different recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentages), the bond strength between the recycled coarse aggregate concrete and rebar initially decreases with an increase of the recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage, whereas afterwards the bond strength increases with increase in replacement level of coarse aggregate. Bond strength is maximum for 90% replacement level. With the bond strength, compressive strength is also studied and it also shows the same trend as bond strength. A power series relationship exists between compressive strength and bond strength of recycled aggregate concrete. The existing models (ACI 408, Ogura-Koichi model) proposing the square root law underestimates the bond strength of concrete.

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Day by day increasing electricity bill for consuming power for refrigeration we know that it is increasing the heat of the earth and also polluted to environment so considering of these effects to minimizing by developing of the refrigeration system with an advanced The modified dimension and functional arrangements to the refrigeration system. This refrigeration system evaporator to produces less heat releasing from advanced refrigeration systems and also we use this refrigeration system in two ways one we can use as refrigeration purpose by attaching vessel to aluminum evaporator by absorbing cooling and other way use as air conditioner. This refrigeration system was producing very less heat by connecting of special shape copper tube evaporator to the compressor and compressor connected to aluminum evaporator. This refrigeration system mainly developed by to minimizing heat produced by the evaporator from refrigeration system then global warming will be minimizing and also to minimizing electricity consuming this will help to spend money purchasing of electricity also decreasing day to day life.

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This work focuses on studying the effect of fly ash Nano-Silica and their combinations on compressive strength characteristics of high performance concrete. This work primarily deals with the compressive strength characteristics such as water absorption super plasticizer used in high performance concrete a set of 4 different concrete mixture were cast and tested with different cement replacement levels of Fly ash (FA) with nano Nano-Silica (NS) as addition by wt of Cement and/or each trial super plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30. The materials used to design the mix for M20 & M30 grade of concrete are cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and Fly-Ash SiO2. Three specimens are tested for typical category and the mean compressive strength of three specimens is considered as the compressive strength of the specified category of concrete.

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The free vibration analysis of the cracked beam with many flexible cracks using using Finite Element Method (FEM) in the ANSYS 15.0. In this study, the matrix used for standard deviation. As most of the structures fail near the natural calamities. It is important to establish a mechanism for these structures to obtain the above claims using experimental and quantitative analysis to determine the natural quantity of hybrid composite plates. Test values established Modal Test using FFT Analyzer. The results were compared against the Package of Element (ANSYS 15.0). It has been observed that wind waves decrease with increasing cracking rates; an increase in the number of layers and values differing in the changing positions of the cracks. The reflection frequency is higher when the crack is in the center of the plate or when the angle of oriental is 90 degrees directly in the center of the plate.

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The column which are supported on a beam instead of rigid foundation are called as floating columns. Many of the buildings in india are constructed with floating columns. This is primarily beam adopted to accommodate parking or reception lobbies in the first storey. The earthquake force generated at different floor level of the building need to be carried out to the foundation by the shortest possible way which may not be the case when floating columns are provided. Providing floating columns may satisfy some of the functional requirements but structural behavior changes abruptly due provisions of floating columns. The flexural and shear demand of the beams which supports floating columns are much higher than surrounding beams, this leads to stiffness irregularities at a particular joint. Columns are main lateral load resisting elements in moment resisting frame and play a vital role in seismic performance of building. The stiffness of the storey below the floating column is usually lower than the storey above and below it. In this thesis the seismic performance of building with and without floating columns are presented in terms of various parameters such as displacement, storey drift, maximum column forces, time period of vibration etc. The building having various locations of floating columns i.e floating columns starting from different stories are considered for the study. In recent times, multi-storey buildings in urban cities are required to have column free space due to shortage of space, population and also for aesthetic and functional requirements. For this buildings are provided with floating columns at one or more storey. These floating columns are highly disadvantageous in a building built in seismically active areas. The earthquake forces that are developed at different floor levels in a building need to be carried down along the height to the ground by the shortest path. Deviation or discontinuity in this load transfer path results in poor performance of the building. The main aim is to evaluate the seismic response of (G+11 RCC APARTMENT) building with floating columns and compare it with the normal building.

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This paper describes the past decade has witnessed an unprecedented increase in person interface and human–Computer interaction (HCI) technologies and methods, this intrinsic motivation is reflected in the wide variety of hours they spend on the true job, their depth and variety of knowledge, their self-belief in use of software applied sciences and modern use of software. These things to do involve Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Individuals vary in their Human computer interaction behaviour. Human computer interction continues to grant a difficult test area for applying and creating psychological and social concept in the context of science improvement and use. —creating a rich house of possibilities for Human computer interaction research. The mannequin subsumes some of the temporal necessities for feedback before suggested in the human-computer inter motion literature.

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In recent days, Cloud storage has become good entrant for organizations that suffer from resource limitation. Cloud computing is a procedure that surveys internet founded computing. The most challenging task in the cloud is to ensure availability, integrity, and secure file transfer Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) has been extensively explored in cloud storage, enabling cloud services directly search for encrypted data. Most SSE solutions are only suitable for honest but curious cloud services and will not differ. Data protection or file protection in the cloud environment is one of the biggest problems in the cloud environment. The accuracy of the data means that if the information is accessible to a remote system or local system it should not be altered. Verification is an effective way to authenticate users who are trying to access information. The availability of data indicates the availability of data if necessary. Confidentiality is usually through encryption technology. The confidentiality of data and keywords is the most important privacy requirements in SSE. It ensures that users’ plaintext data and keywords cannot be revealed by any unauthorized parties, and an adversary cannot learn any useful information about files and keywords through the proof index and update tokens used in GSSE.

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Lighting Control System for the Room By sensing the presence of a human, an Arduino and an ultrasonic sensor can be used to turn on and off the illumination system of a home or office on a regular basis. Such Automatic Room Lights systems can be implemented in classrooms, faculty cabins, garages, staircases, bathrooms, and other areas where we do not require constant light but only when people are present. Also, with the help of this system, we can save money on energy bills because power will be consumed only when a human is present, i.e. when necessary lights will be turned on or off on their own. An automatic room light controller using Arduino and ultrasonic sensor and relay module is described in this paper. The ultrasonic sensor will detect human activity and the PIR sensor unit will control the switching action based on the response. The strategy proposed can assist us in lowering our electricity consumption.

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The aim of study is to examine the strategic issues pertaining to employee safety and health. Some organizations replace the revoked safety programs with more innovative ones. Some safety programs also have rewards for employees who avoid accidents. The study helps to maintain proper safety standards using Energy Source Identification Document (ESID). It would also help the manufacturing sectors to ensure that employees take protection against unsafe practices. Every organization should formulate and implement the principles explained in this paper. The procedure to be adopted naturally depends upon the size of the company, the number of plants it operates, the nature of the industry in which it is engaged, the production technology it uses, and the attitude of the top management. After it has spelt out its ESID program, a manufacturing institution should establish a ESID oriented safety program, the primary goals of which should be to reduce the number of hazardous factors that are likely to cause accidents, and to develop safe working habits among its employees. Hence a realistic & positive view has to be inculcated to ensure the safety & health of workforce in an organization.

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In South Africa, the unemployment of unskilled and less-educated is rife among the youths. The study provides policy insights towards informal sector improvement, poverty eradication and unemployment effects in South Africa. The study empirically examines the six (6) informal mechanic workshops in KwaZulu-Natal province using qualitative methodology to understand the process through which informal sector recruit its members. The study finding delineates the challenges and limitations of workplace learning and training. These include training needs, environment issues and work safety needs, lack of modern-training facilities, lack of information centers and institutions that speaks to the informal training worldview. The study concludes that most skills obtained through informal training would eventually become obsolete given the rapid technological development due to lack of skills upgrade platforms. The TVET colleges tend to replicate university products and processes in so many ways, instead of providing its own unique brand to resolve the skills lacuna currently existing in the market. The study recommends that skills acquired through informal training be given proper policy recognition, validation and support by the state with the aim to improve the quality of skills obtained, the training and the working condition. The study further recommends social partners to partner with the government and skills providers to develop training programmes that enrich the informal training and work process. The study also recommends the provision of skills-training centres that are furnished with modern (training) tools, and capable of offering skills-upgrade training. Finally, the study proposes a rethink of the informal skills development policy in the country.

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Signatures are imperative biometric attributes of humans that have long been used for authorization purposes. Most organizations primarily focus on the visual appearance of the signature for verification purposes. Many documents, such as forms, contracts, bank cheques, and credit card transactions require the signing of a signature. Therefore, it is of upmost importance to be able to recognize signatures accurately, effortlessly, and in a timely manner. Verification can be accomplished either Online or Offline based application. Offline systems work on the scanned image of a signature. In our technique first the pre-processing of a scanned signature image is done to isolate the signature and to remove noise. In this work, an artificial neural network based on the well-known Back-propagation algorithm is used for recognition and verification. To test the performance of the system, the False Reject Rate, the False Accept Rate, and the Equal Error Rate (EER) are calculated. The system was tested with test signature samples, which include genuine and forged signatures of twenty individuals. The aim of this work is to limit the computer singularity in deciding whether the signature is forged or not, and to allow the signature verification personnel to participate in the deciding process through adding a label which indicates the amount of similarity between the signature which we want to recognize and the original signature. This approach allows judging the signature accuracy, and achieving more effective results.

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One issue looked by dynamic specialists is restricted seating offices particularly in open transportation where they need to remain as they are doing their exercises for extensive stretches of time. In industry, the restricted workspace makes it incomprehensible for administrators to utilize seats, so administrators need to represent significant stretches while working the machine. This investigation means to plan a chairless chair by using segments that are modest and simple to get on the lookout. In this plan, a few variations have been made which are then looked at by surveying their volume, mass, creation expenses and solace levels, with the goal that the best plan variations for prototyping are gotten. In light of the consequences of the exploration, an agreeable, protected to utilize chairless chair was created with neighborhood parts. The aftereffects of this study become a reference for additional turn of events.

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This paper focuses on the eco-friendly refrigerator as there is no refrigerant in this refrigerator. Traditional type refrigerators consist of moving parts or rotating parts like condenser, compressor, expansion valve, evaporator, refrigerant, etc. which produce vibrations and noise. Many of the time the refrigerant is not eco-friendly. In this thermoelectric refrigeration system these mechanical parts and refrigerant are replaced by the thermo-electric cooler also known as Peltier module. Many people face problem of carrying medicine which are stable at low temperature than room temperature, this module will be helpful to these people. Medicine, beverages, fruits, vegetables, and other food items can be stored. Thermoelectric refrigerator consists of Thermo-electric cooler, cold side heat sink, hot side heat sink and the heat rejection fan, the heat sink are placed on each side of thermo-electric cooler and the heat rejection fan is place on the hot side heat sink for rejection of heat produce by thermo-electric cooler. Features involved are: for charging the battery we have installed a switched-mode power supply so that we can use 220-240 Volts alternating current of frequency 50-60 Hz, we can also use direct current straight forward to charge the battery.

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In most of the industrial and domestic applications temperature monitoring is important and many problems can occur due to lack of proper temperature monitoring system. In this project we will monitor and regulate temperature of our room by the help DS18B20 temperature sensor along with node mcu. Monitoring temperature is important for many operations like in any industries where heaters or cooler are used, heat or cool up to a certain temperature is required. In this project we are using IoT based temperature monitoring system that can be access data anywhere and anytime through the internet. The model will continuously monitor the temperature condition of the room and the data can be monitored and regulate at anytime and anywhere from the internet. Whenever the temperature of room crosses the predefined set limits, cooler or heater will on according to that. IoT web based temperature monitoring is one type of temperature reorder that monitors a temperature in a room and stores the data into a database and display the current temperature on LCD and also in Blynk Mobile app. This model can be used in various processes like in automotive industries, air conditioning, power plant and other industries that need the data to be saved and analyzed.

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AAC blocks are light weight Aerated Autoclave Concrete Block. It is manufactured through a reaction of Aluminium Powder and a Proportionate blend of Lime, Cement, and Fly Ash or Sand. The Product thus formed is not only Light Weight Concrete but also has Higher Compressive Strength AAC is one of the materials which can cope up with the Shortage of Building Raw Materials and can produce a Light Weight, Energy Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Concrete.

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Pd-doped SnO2 thick film sensor was produced on alumina substrate and their LPG sensing behavior was investigated. In the present paper studies have been made to analysis the sensitivity, response of SnO2 based with different Pd-doped thick gas sensor for LPG detection using different nonlinear ANN technique. To achieve this thick film Pd doped SnO2 sensor was fabricated on a 1" x 1" alumina substrate. LPG gas consists of sensitive layer SnO2 based with different Pd- doped, a pair of electrodes underneath the gas sensing layer serving as a contact pad for sensor and heater element is fabricated on the backside of the substrate. On both pure and Pd-doped samples measurements of conductance and capacitance have been made by fixed temperature at fixed gas concentration. The sensitivity of sensor has been studied at different Pd doped at a constant temperature of 350°C upon exposure to LPG. Sensing properties such as, sensitivity and selectivity measurement are carried out in the range 0- 5000 ppm at 350°C. The maximum response of 72.08% at 350°C was obtained under the explore of 0.5% of LPG. Practical Sensitivity of LPG is used to measure the sensitivity of different Pd- doped SnO2 based thick film gas sensors by using ANN algorithm. Two training algorithm of feed-forward algorithm namely Levenberg-Marquardt feed forward propagation and Random Weight /Bias Rule with adaptive learning rate were used. The performance of ANN models with different nonlinear algorithm is evaluated on practical sensitivity of sensor with different network transfer functions. Experimentally, we found that ANN model with training algorithm is more suitable for sensitivity of the sensor. Results present in the paper shows ANN as an effective tool in the area of SnO2 based thick film sensor design.

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Industrial and automobile suspension systems are one of the important components of any mechanical assembly. Suspension system of any assembly reduces the effect of jerks. These are prone to get fail regularly causing it to be replaced. This replacement leads to financial losses and undue interruption in working of the components, the suspension system is fitted with. Hence in order to minimize these losses, rigorous amount of research is required in the field of industrial and automobile suspension system. A lot of research has already been done in this field. Current research paper investigates and analyses the work and research analysis which has already been performed. The results of the literature review (Current state of the art situation) have been presented as the part of conclusion.

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