High performance, microscopically non - homogeneous functionally graded materials (FGMs) have tailored composition and structure gradients with specified attributes in the preferred orientation. On the macroscopic scale, FGMs are inhomogeneous materials because their properties vary progressively with position within the material. The qualities can be varied by progressively modifying the volume percentage of the constituent materials, utilising reinforcements with different properties, sizes, and forms, continuously interchanging the roles of reinforcement and matrix phases, and tweaking the cell structure. The buckling and post-buckling strength are also affected by the volume fraction exponent. To design various structural sections of aeronautical, mechanical, marine and civil constructions, accurate structural and dynamic analyses are required to identify the behaviour of them structural reaction in real time. The current research focused mostly on the buckling analysis of FGM plates. FEAST^SMT, finite element software developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and Indian Space Research Organization, was used to analyse the geometries under consideration (ISRO).

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In this study, we look at three types of lateral load resisting systems: outrigger braced systems, diagrid systems, and shear wall systems. Outrigger bracing is a solution for controlling excessive drift and displacement in high-rise buildings. It is made up of outrigger bracings or outrigger trusses that connect the central core of the building to the peripheral columns, and the peripheral columns are connected to one another via belt trusses. For the 20 storey building heights, the conventional structural model with a reinforced concrete central core and models with outriggers at the top, top and 0.75H, top and 0.5H, and top where H is the total height of the building are modelled. Finding the perfect location for the outrigger system is the study's major goal. discover the most effective lateral load resisting system at the lowest cost. According to the findings of many evaluations, the top and middle heights of a high-rise building, where top displacement and drift are at their lowest, are the best places to install an outrigger bracing system. In comparison to traditional, diagrid, and shear wall constructions, outrigger structures are more rigid. The largest reduction in storey displacement, base shear, and minimal loads on slabs were demonstrated by the top and 0.5H type of outriggers.

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From past few years, there is now a significant worldwide interest to solve the environmental problems caused by industrial waste and other materials including such materials in the manufacture of concrete. This technology has been introduced in India in construction, a decade ago, for specific requirements namely footpaths, parking areas, etc. but is now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional pavement using bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is not feasible or desirable. The characteristics of concrete containing finely crushed glass during its process, the best ratio of finely crushed glass which leads to higher strength of concrete to produce concrete blocks, and the effect of waste glass replacement on the expansion caused by Alkali-silica reaction (ASR). This study analyzes the feasibility of waste glass inclusion as partial FA replacement systems. Properties of concrete incorporating waste glass as a partial substitution for FA amounts of 18%, 23%, 27%, and 40% were investigated. The waste glass material used was obtained from waste collectors. The results obtained show clearly that glass enhances the compressive strength properties of the final concrete product. The study indicated that waste glass can effectively be used as a fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in strength.

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The technology of using industrial waste and other materials in the manufacture of concrete has been introduced in India in construction, a decade ago, for specific requirements namely footpaths, parking areas, etc. but is now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavements using cement concrete and bituminous mix technology is not feasible or desirable. Waste glassware is also used abundantly and in large demand. To overcome the demand for aggregate glass waste materials can be used as alternate construction material. In the year 2019, 21 billion tonnes of glass waste have been produced in India out of which only 45% is recycled, which shows that there is a need for proper procurement and management of waste glass. This review illustrates the utilization of waste glass in construction materials such as paver blocks. The main aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the mechanical properties and physical properties of the blocks and other products produced with waste glass, to reduce the waste glass in landfill by producing sustainable construction material, and to overcome the demand for aggregates and clay. This study also looked at the feasibility of waste glass inclusion as partial FA replacement systems. Properties of concrete incorporates waste glass as a partial substitution. The waste glass material used was obtained from waste collectors. The study indicated that waste glass can effectively be used as a fine aggregate replacement without significant change in strength.

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This web log contains lot of information so it is preprocessed before modeling. The web log file is preprocessed and converted into the sequence of user web navigation sessions. The web navigation session is the sequence of web page navigated by a user during time window. The user navigation session is finally modeled through a model. Once the user navigation model is ready, the mining task can be performed for finding the interesting pattern. Modeling of web log is the essential task in web usage mining. The prediction accuracy can be achieved through a modeling the web log with an accurate model to improve the performance of the servers, caching is used where the frequently accessed pages are stored in proxy server caches. Pre-fetching of web pages is the new research area which when used with caching greatly increases the performance. In this paper, a better algorithm for predicting the web pages is proposed. Clustering of web users according to their location using clustering is done and then each cluster is mined using FP-Growth algorithm to find the association rules and predict the pages to be pre-fetched for storing in cache.

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Changes in land use and land cover (LULC), a dynamic process that occurs on the ocean floor, are now a key part of contemporary methods for managing natural resources and keeping track of environmental changes. The process of detecting LULC changes with reference to geo-corrected remote sensing data is known as LULC change detection. Knowing the historical land use pattern has been made possible thanks to the creation of LULC maps utilising topsheet data from Survey of India (SOI). In the kilimanoor block of Kerala's trivandrum district, between the years of 2003 and 2018, the study will examine changes in land use and land cover. Additionally, a study of the region's groundwater potential zones has been developed as an application. Information about the possibility for groundwater will be helpful in determining the best places to harvest water. The ability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to link data to specific map elements and establish new linkages that can assess a development's viability. The results indicate that, between 2003 and 2018, built-up and agricultural areas experienced the greatest amounts of LULC changes. Anthropogenic activity, such as settlement, road construction, and built-up areas, has significantly increased between LULC 2003 and 2018, according to the comparison.

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