Advances in Sustainable Transportation Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review paper analyzes recent advancements in sustainable transportation technologies in response to pressing environmental concerns and the need to curtail carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Key areas of focus include electric vehicles (EVs), battery technology, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, with notable research findings examined. The review emphasizes the transformative role of EVs, facilitated by improved battery technology and charging infrastructure expansion, as well as the broader implications of these innovations for sustainable energy ecosystems. Furthermore, the feasibility and challenges of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, particularly in hydrogen production and infrastructure development, are explored, highlighting the potential of FCVs in the sustainable transportation landscape. Beyond these technologies, the paper encompasses sustainable urban transportation, high-speed rail, sustainable aviation, and sustainable shipping, offering a multidimensional view of the current state of sustainable transportation. The review concludes by underscoring the critical importance of sustainable transportation technologies in addressing environmental and economic challenges, providing insights for future research directions.