Analysis of a Surge Tank Considering Hydraulic Pressure under Lateral Loading Conditions Using STAAD.PRO: A Review

Water hammer is a phenomenon that happens in closed conduits when the water velocity and flow changes because of the sudden closed. This phenomenon can cause the bursting of pipe by the very high fluidal pressure. The cases of bursting pipe often happen on the long dimensional pipes such as penstock that distributes water from reservoir to the power house in hydroelectric power plants system. To reduce the water hammer effect in the penstock, surge tank is used as an energy reducer. Surge tank would be used as a physical model to simulate hydraulic condition. The observation comprises of water level and mass oscillation in surge tank after the valve is closed rapidly. Fluctuation of mass oscillation in surge tank is temporary until the water level reaches its steady state level. Surge tanks have important role in the functionality of HE plant as they balance the pressure variation in cases of sudden rise or decrease. They are a massive construction that can receive the water in several cases. The cost of these tanks varies according to several factors such as dimensions, construction and maintaining works and shape. This study deals with the performance of surge tank considering seismic and wind forces with two different conditions namely with pressure and without pressure. In this paper we are review past researches based on analysis method and utilization of advance tools for analyzing tanks with fill and unfill conditions.