Spatial Planning Study on Integrating Non-Motorized Transport with Multimodal Urban Mobility Systems: Evidence from the Kochi Metro Corridor, India

Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) constitutes a critical but often neglected component of sustainable multimodal urban mobility systems. This paper presents a spatial planning study examining the integration of NMT, primarily walking and cycling, with multimodal urban transport along the Kochi Metro corridor in Kerala, India. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining secondary data review, international case study analysis, and a primary survey of 75 respondents, the study evaluates existing spatial accessibility, infrastructure quality, safety perceptions, and comfort levels of NMT users. Findings indicate that while walking is the dominant mode for first- and last-mile connectivity, significant deficits persist in pedestrian infrastructure, safety provisions, and modal integration. A positive correlation is established between perceived safety, walking comfort, and NMT usage frequency. Cross-tabulation analysis reveals gender and age disparities in NMT dependence and safety perceptions. Drawing on global lessons from Copenhagen, Amsterdam, and Pune, the paper proposes a set of spatial planning recommendations addressing infrastructure, land use, governance, and behavioral dimensions.