In this era of globalization, it is necessary for all the companies to stay competitive, Globalizations of markets made the companies to prove themselves among others. Increased productivity is a main driver of competitiveness in the sensitive garment market. There are number of ways to improve productivity, sales and profit but it is basic to supply a quality product at right time. Traditional garment manufacturing companies in Tiruppur are facing problems like low productivity, high rework and rejection, high cycle etc. Lean Manufacturing is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS).Apparel manufacturing industries are trying to improve their production system continuously looking for new production tools and techniques to keep swiftness with the rapid changes of trend in consumers of apparel products. To deal with the challenges, industries must improve production efficiency labor productivity reduce lead time and ensure delivery schedule requirements. Applying lean tools in micro sized companies are very challenging because of poor planning and execution. The organization’s attitude and less awareness about lean techniques are one of the major bottle necks for implementing lean manufacturing concept. This research addresses the implementation of lean tools in a garment manufacturing company in Tiruppur. The main issue in their export is meeting the deadline and many times delayed delivery occurs which leads to either Air Shipment (which is 10 times more expensive than sea shipment) or even cancellation of order. Good will and reputation of company is dropped. Time study, process analyses and Quality tools were used as tools to measure and analyse the process. Preliminary survey showed that there were some processes that lead to overall increase in production lead time and Work in Progress (WIP). A brainstorming session was conducted which included production manager, shop floor managers and operators to discuss upon this issue and derived a cause and effect diagram out of it. Value stream mapping (VSM) was used to understand the production process in the organization which shows that existing production process was inefficient and leads to bottleneck in sewing department. The objective of this research is to evolve and test various strategies to reduce idle time of workstations and improve the productivity for meeting the delivery schedule. This paper briefly describes the application of cause and effect analysis, pareto charts and time study techniques, value stream mapping and line balancing to improve productivity of the garment company. Flexible line balancing software version 3.0 has been used to simulate and estimate line efficiency. It is observed that by the implementation of lean tools meeting production dead line and the results were highly encouraging. From the proposed method production time of the style selected has been reduced from 4.4 minutes to 3.76 minutes. Number of operators have been reduced from 12 to 8. Rework level has been reduced by 1%, the main reduction is due to balanced work cells. Assembly line efficiency has been increased from 60% to 86.4%. A current state VSM was created and analyzed for potential areas of improvement. Lean manufacturing techniques were used to create a future state. The VSM suggests that a better lead-time reduction through the use of line balancing.

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There is vast extension of Public Distribution System in rural parts of India. The goods in this System are wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene. Although these goods are given by the government the necessary amount of commodities are not being supplied to the poor people due to corrupt intermediate services at the local level. In the current System every person has been allocated the ration card based on his income. If a new member has to be added to the ration then it is done manually which is a time consuming process along with this the Public Distribution System works on the hand written logs where the people have to wait in the queue for long hours. In the PDS system the intermediate distributers stack the goods and then sell them in black which ultimately leads to insufficiency in the goods which leads to corruption and opaqueness with the government. Nowadays, automation is the trending and the efficient way can be used to eliminate the human intervention and the labour work logs with the automatic distributing system with the client server architecture. The system is established in place of the current distribution setup that is client side. The Ration Cards will be eliminated by the Smart RFID Card in where the user information will be stored and at the server side.

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In recent years, global warming and restrictions on the use of energy sources have increased the environmental problems of emissions. In the sector too, most costs are due to energy (electrical and thermal), labor and materials. But among these, energy would be related to the ability to manage costs or possible cost savings, and therefore energy management will help reduce costs. The possibilities of the contribution of thermoelectric systems to "green" technologies, especially for the recovery of waste heat from the industry that exhausts combustion gases. The result is extensive research into green technologies that produce electricity. If techniques for recovering waste heat, such as the thermoelectric generator (TEG), is being developed. Its implementation in the automotive industry is carried out in many ways. Previous research shows that TEG is useful as a method for collecting waste heat. Because of the different advantages of thermoelectric generators, they have become a promising alternative to green technology. The thermoelectric generator converts the remaining energy directly into electrical energy, where it is not necessary to take into account the costs of the thermal energy input. The application of this technology can also improve the overall efficiency of energy conversion systems. Although the TEG outputs are low with the available techniques, feasible electricity can be generated as a result of waste heat emitted by the machine (operation of the internal combustion engine). The applications of this green technology in the direct conversion of waste-heat energy into electrical energy. This paper presents a background on the basic concepts of thermoelectric power generation and the recent patents on thermoelectric power generation with its important and relevant applications for waste heat thermal energy are review and discussed.

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Extrusion is an important metal forming operation. It is a manufacturing process used to create long objects of a fixed cross sectional profile. The extrusion process is based on the plastic deformation of a material due to compressive and shears forces only. Basically, this procedure is based on the reducing and shaping the cross section of piece of metal squeezing the material through an orifice or a die. The finite element analysis of temperature and extrusion load during the extrusion of aluminium 2024 alloy is carried out in the present work. The optimal set of extrusion variables for the chosen responses was obtained. The experimental runs were conducted based on the Taguchi's L9 design matrix. ANOVA is employed to identify the significance of variables on the responses. Also, the percentage of contributions of each variable on each response was represented graphically. The set of optimal process variables was obtained with the help of Taguchi optimization method on the basis of minimum S/N ratio. These optimal process variables help to extrude the chosen aluminium alloy with minimum stress, min. Triaxiality stress, min. temp. & using minimum extrusion load. Hence, the quality of the extruded product improved with minimum energy.

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Because of Plant Tissue Culture, plants are being regenerated in vitro in sterile containers which greatly reduced chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and pathogens. This all has been possible due to the ability of the plant cells to regenerate a whole plant called tot potency. Any part of the plant can be used to produce medicinally important compounds in vitro. The Azadirachta indica has medically important secondary metabolites that are produced by calls culture using Plant Tissue Culture techniques, leaves as explants. Thus such produced secondary metabolites are used to synthesize silver nanoparticles which showed maximum absorbance at 410nm under U.V.-Visible spectroscope. When these nanoparticles were tested against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis showed resistance while S. aureus showed sensitivity with zone of inhibition of 6mm.

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This Project is about design of leaf, root cutting and sorting mechanism. Onion stem cutting and sorting machine is used to cut the onion stems and sort the onions on basis of their size effectively. This machine is portable for farmer for domestic purpose. Belt and pulley arrangement is used in this mechanism for sorting. Now-a-days, many of farmers require hand labours for removing stem and roots after harvesting. So, this machine will reduce the requirement for manual labour. This machine has ability to cut the stem at faster rate than traditional method. The machine includes electric motor for vibrating purpose and operating blades. So, we working on aim that the machine would reduce human effort and care is taken that it will not damage the onion.

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This paper focuses at proposing a design pavement with the use of IIT PAVE and IRC: 37 - 2012 for a stretch of Balasinor to Dev Junction in Mahisagar District of Gujarat state, the existing traffic on the particular stretch of SH-2 was 1386 CVPD. The pavement is designed for calculated MSA and with the obtained values of horizontal and a vertical strain was calculated according. The actual design of MSA would be calculated and checked for the fatigue and rutting type of failure for a design life of 15 years. Resilience modulus is calculated and the proposed designed of pavement thickness provided. Existing CBR value was taken from soil investigation. According to the IRC 37-2012 guideline if the CBR value varies at every KM than 90th Percentile CBR value was taken for a design that criteria also are taken into consideration in this research paper. From the outcome of analysis shows that the Tensile strain on the bottom of BC (ε_t), a compressive strain on the top of Subgrade (ε_v) for new pavement was within the permissible limit.

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Fixtures play an important role within many manufacturing processes. They accurately locate and secure a work piece during machining such that the part can be manufactured to design specifications. Thus fixtures have a direct effect upon machining quality, productivity, and the cost of products. Fixture is a special purpose tool which is used to facilitate production (machining, assembling and inspection operations) when work pieces are to be produced on a mass scale. This project consists of a flange named as Flange yoke used in TATA 407 vehicle (a part of propeller shaft) which is manufacturing in MSL Driveline System Limited. The current system carries out the drilling process on the forged part of the flange. This causes misalignment of drill up to 0.2-1 mm .Hence it results into increase in rejections. To overcome this problem a new fixture is to be designed, which will hold the flange from its bottom side where the machined surface is available for drilling. This will reduce the chance of misalignment of drill and will maintain the concentricity with the locating diameter. This will maintain the quality of the product.

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STORAGE outsourcing is becoming more and more attractive to both industry and academic due to the advantages of low cost, high accessibility, and easy sharing. As one of the storage outsourcing forms, shared-network multi-user cloud storage systems gains wide attention in recent years. However, Security and privacy are among top concerns for the public cloud environments. Researchers have proposed many dynamic PoS schemes in single-user environments. In this paper we propose an improved version of the original schemes by improving its efficiency by identifying and removing the duplicate copies from the cloud storages in multi-user environments. For implementation we are using message digest hash algorithm (MD5) and Logical block addressing (LBA).

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An experimental investigation was made to evaluate the performance and combustion characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder C.I. engine with the preheated blends of KME and diesel fuel at 60Ëš C. Karanja methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume and studied for the load range of No load to Max. Load (15 kg), with the engine operated at constant speed. The performance parameters considered for comparing are brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency etc. of the engine. The performance parameters were found to be very close to that of pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency were better than pure diesel for the blend PB20 with preheating at 60ËšC under certain loads. From the investigation it may be concluded that PB20 (20% KME + 80% Diesel) with preheating at 60ËšC gives better performance in comparison to other modified oil. It is also concluded that either blending up to 20% or heating the Karanja oil can be used in diesel engines in rural areas for stationary applications like irrigation, processing of agricultural products and electric generation. From all these observations, it is recommended that the blends of karanja methyl ester with diesel up to 20% by volume with preheating at 60ËšC is a replacement to diesel fuel for running the diesel engine without sacrificing the power output.

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Mining Audit App gives an idea of about how the Engineers, Supervisors, Vendor and Admin of Steel Mining perform Audit in the mining center. It involves a scope of handling the Steel Mining by capturing the audit information into the system along with the steel details.

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An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. This results in enormous seismic vibrations that travel through bedrock. As the energy of the earthquake travels in waves through the ground, certain frequencies of vibration retain more energy than others depending on the mechanical properties of the surrounding soil. Every building has a fundamental frequency (usually between 5 and 0.833 Hertz) that often falls within the range of seismic frequencies. Conventional seismic design attempts to make buildings that do not collapse under strong earthquake shaking, but may sustain damage to non-structural elements and to some structural members in the building. This research investigated seismic response of building structures with fixed base and isolated base with and without effect of infill wall. Lead rubber bearings for base isolation is considered in this study. Response spectrum method is used for creating model and nonlinear analysis is carried out. Structure with seismic zone variation is created.

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Present study is focused to investigate the effect of single point cutting tool geometry on the surface roughness of Aluminium during turning operation. The single point cutting tools with different rake angle, clearance angle and nose radius is used. Using full factorial technique mathematical model is developed from the data obtained by experiments. Adequacy of developed model and significance of coefficients has been checked using student's 't' test and 'F' test respectively at 95% confidence level. It is found that surface roughness is decrease with increase in rake angle and it is increases with increases in nose radius

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Heat removal has become an important factor in the advancement of microelectronics due to drastically integrated density of chips in digital devices and increased current-voltage handling capability of power electronic devices. For thermal management, various types of cooling methods for microelectronics devices have been developed. Examples include extended surface (fins), the highly parallel air and liquid impingement systems, modular internal conduction enhancement and indirect and direct liquid cooling with water and dielectric coolants. The implementation of manifold microchannel heat sink, cooling micro heat pipes, pool boiling, multiphase flow, liquid metal heat sink and microchannel heat sink are also proposed for the cooling solution in microelectronics. The present work addresses electronic chips cooling with forced convection of alumina-water (ɸ=2.5%) in copper based single microchannel heat sinks by the help of CFD software FLUENT.

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The following paper is designed to control a robotic vehicle by voice commands for remote operation. An ARM series microcontroller is used together with an Android Application for the desired operation.

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The web based online food ordering application provides a convenient way of getting the food at the door step for the customers. This application overrides the drawbacks of the traditional queuing system and increases the rate of takeaway orders compared to visitors. Therefore, the application improves the speed rate and eveness of receiving the order from the customers. The customer information are electronically stored and a superior scaffold for intercommunication. The Web Based Online food marketing set up menu online and the customers easily places the order with a simple mouse click. Also with a food menu online you can easily track the orders, maintain customer's database and improve your food delivery service. This application allows the user to browse menu and order the desired food from the menu displayed. The payment can be done electronically or cash on delivery system. Each user of the application has their own account which is made confidential by assigning a userid and password. Therefore it provides a more secured ordering.

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The project deals with the design and implementation of smart surveillance Monitoring system using Raspberry Pi and PIR Sensor for mobile devices. It increases the usage of mobile technology to provide essential security to our homes and other control applications. Raspberry Pi operates and controls the camera for remote surveillance. The PIR Sensor senses the motion and locates the person with the help of Infrared light. When the motion is detected, the Camera automatically initiates capturing and Raspberry Pi device alerts the admin having a smart phone and if he sees the person is valid then the permission to open the door and allow the person to enter the room is given by the user. The proposed system increases the security of our home.

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This study introduces a new hybrid approach by using Grey Wolf Optimization and State Transition optimization algorithm for resolving the issue of economic load dispatch and unit commitment in electric power generation system. The simulation of GWOST is investigated by using the 40 various power units. The results prove that the GWOST outperforms the TLBO (teaching learning based optimization), QOTLBO (Quasi-Oppositional teaching learning based optimization), KHA (Krill Herd Algorithm), GWO (Grey Wolf Optimization) and SDE (Shuffled Differential Evolution) mechanism of economic load dispatch. The performance is compared in the terms of total cost incurred and level of power generation.

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With the explosive growth in laptops, portable personal communication systems and the evolution of the shrinking technology low-power design can be addressed at different design levels, such as software, architectural, algorithmic, circuit, and process technology level . This paper presents an effective approach to reduce power consumption of any arbitrary combinational logic circuit by applying transformations at the logic level, whilst preserving the desired functionality. We have considered implementation with static CMOS logic style, due to its robustness against device and process variations. Simulation results obtained using a 0.180 micron TSMC CMOS technology for savings power by 25% over the best of existing methods; while considering spatio-temporal correlation in inputs, average power savings of 13.22 % was obtained. The proposed method also enabled overall improvement in worst case delay parameter by 26.52%, over the best of other methods.

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Free space optics (FSO) is a line-of-sight technology that currently enables optical transmission up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice, and video communications through the air , allowing optical connectivity without deploying fiber optic cables or securing spectrum licenses. FSO system can carry full duplex data at giga bits per second rates over Metropolitan distances of a few city blocks of few kms. FSO, also known as optical wireless, overcomes this last-mile access bottleneck by sending high –bitrate signals through the air using laser transmission. The security of video data is necessary in video transmission for military purpose and other applications. In this project capable to transmitting sound signals through a laser beam is proposed. Video transmission from one sender to other should be in secure way. The main purpose of this paper is too important for the efficient data transfer of the data and to maintain the secrecy of the data that is to be transmitted. From the past time to present time security of confidential information is always an important issue.

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This paper presents the analytical study on prestressed concrete box girder. Box girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyse in its actual conditions by conventional methods. This paper shows a study of two lane simply supported long span Box Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete which is analysed for moving loads as per Indian Road Congress (IRC:6) recommendations, Prestressed Code (IS: 1343) and also as per IRC: 18 specifications. The analysis of box girder is done using CSiBridge software and prestressed with parabolic tendons in which utilize full section. The various span/ depth ratio considered to get the proportioning depth at which stress criteria and deflection criteria get satisfied.

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In this paper speed of induction motor is controlled By using three phase bridge inverter. In this paper the speed of an induction motor can be change by changing the input Voltage or frequency or both voltage and frequency. Variable voltage and variable frequency for induction motor Drives is obtained from a 3Ï• Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).The main aim of this project is to control the speed of an AC Induction motor by using the Variable Frequency control method. The purpose of the project is to implement a simple and cost effective process to control the speed of AC induction motors using the most popular technique of voltage to frequency ratio (V/F) method.

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The main objective of 'warpage optimization' of injection moulded plastic part is to investigate the optimization techniques used for minimization of warpage by optimizing process parameters during injection moulding. Highly complex design of plastic products nowadays demands dimensional accuracy and good surface finish. As the injection moulded part cools, uneven distribution of stresses is set up due to uneven cooling. These stresses warp the part and affect the dimensional accuracy of the part. So as to keep the warpage minimum, accurate prediction of optimum process parameters is very important. This paper considers warpage as a main defect in the injection moulded part. This paper will present an idea about research undertaken or completed on optimization of process parameters to minimize warpage, optimization techniques used, role of Moldflow software and most significant process parameters affecting the warpage.

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In this project, the problem of the communication between DEAF and BLIND people is a special case of particular interest, where the aforementioned aids cannot be applied because these users don’t share any common communication channel. A proposed scheme included algorithms for speech recognition and synthesis to aid communication between visually and hearing-impaired people. Our proposed framework consists of a situated communication environment designed to foster an immersive experience for the visually and hearing impaired. This project proposes an accelerometer-based gesture recognition algorithm. We proposed a new technique called artificial speaking mouth for dumb people. It will be very helpful to them for conveying their thoughts to others. Some peoples are easily able to get the information from their motions. The remaining is not able to understand their way of conveying the message. In order to overcome the complexity the artificial mouth is introduced for the dumb peoples. This system is based on the motion sensor. According to dumb people, for every motion they have a meaning. That message is kept in a database. Likewise all templates are kept in the database. In the real time the template database is fed into a microcontroller and the motion sensor is fixed in their hand. For every action the motion sensors get accelerated and give the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller matches the motion with the database and produces the speech signal. The output of the system is using the speaker.

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Software fault prediction goals to pick out fault-prone software program modules via using a few underlying houses of the software program project before the real trying out manner begins. It enables in acquiring preferred software high-quality with optimized cost and attempt. Initially, this paper affords an overview of the software program fault prediction system. Software fault prediction pursuits to be expecting fault-susceptible software modules by means of the usage of some underlying residences of the software mission. It is usually performed by way of education a prediction model the usage of challenge properties augmented with fault information for a known assignment, and subsequently the use of the prediction model to predict faults for unknown initiatives. This paper critiques several magazine articles and conference papers on software fault prediction to evaluate the development and direct destiny studies in this software program engineering problem. Many researchers used different techniques together with genetic programming.

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