Roads represent an important infrastructure facility in all countries. Two important parameters for good pavements are pavement design and materials. A good design of bituminous mix is expected to result in a mix which is adequately strong, durable and at the same time environment friendly and economical in order to maintain the pavement. This work is undertaken to prepare cost effective material for maintenance of flexible pavement, by using industrial wastes such as steel slag and foundry sand as a replacement material for fine aggregate in bituminous mix and ground granulated blast furnace slag as a replacement material for fillers in bituminous mix. Fillers play an important role in engineering properties of bituminous paving mixes. Conventionally stone dust, cement and lime are used as filler play an important role in engineering properties of bituminous paving mixes. Conventionally stone dust, cement and lime are used as fillers. Now-a-days disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality because many of them are non-biodegradable. In recent years, applications of industrial wastes have been considered in road construction with great interest in many industrialized and developing countries. The use of these materials in road making is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. India has a large network of industries located in different parts of the country and many more are planned for the near future. Several million metric tons industrial wastes are produced in these establishments. If these materials can be suitably utilised in highway construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these solid wastes in India, it was thought expedient to test these materials and to develop specifications to enhance the use of these industrial wastes in road making, in which higher economic returns may be possible. The possible use of these materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of our country.

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Chassis is one of the important parts that used in automobile industries. It is a rigid structure that forms a skeleton to hold all the major parts together. Chassis is a major component in a vehicle system. It should be rigid enough to withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses. Along with strength, an important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness for better handling characteristics. So, maximum stress, maximum equilateral stress and deflection are important criteria for the design of the chassis. This work involved Transient analysis to determine key characteristics of a chassis. The static characteristics include identifying location of high stress area. This paper presents the Transient load analysis of TATA LPK 2518 truck ladder chassis using ANSYS workbench and stress, Weight reduced by optimization in design. This has been carried out with limited modifications. We have taken Aluminium Alloy 6063-T6 for the chassis. Load applied on chassis is 9.26 N. The necessary design changes required to enhance the load carrying capacity of the vehicle has been recommended successfully.

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AA 7075 is an aluminium alloy, with zinc as the main alloying constituent. It has high strength, with similar to many steels, have good fatigue strength and average machinability, but has less resistance to corrosion than many other Al alloys. AA7075 are frequently used in transport applications such as marine, aviation and automotive due to their high strength to density ratio. Strength and light weight also desirable in fields such as Rock climbing equipment, bicycle components and airframes are commonly made from 7075 aluminium alloy. AA 7075 has low weldability due to reduced solidification microstructure, and when welded by fusion welding techniques go down its mechanical properties. Friction stir welding (FSW) is solid state, reliable joining techniques to retain the properties of the alloy as there is no melting of metal takes place, welding takes place due to the forging effect. As process parameter affects a lot on strength of joint so it is important to optimize process parameters. Process parameters for friction stir welding are tool pin profile, tool rotary speed, welding speed, and welding axial force, tool tilt angle and Tool shoulder. From above process parameters of FSW tool rotary speed, welding speed, and welding axial force effects most on mechanical strength. Current work deals with experimental investigation of optimization of friction stir welding process (FSW) to arrive at desirable mechanical properties of aluminum 7075 and C11000 plates. Responses recorded are Ultimate tensile strength, and hardness of weld zone. After conducting experimentation testing is done to measure ultimate tensile strength and micro Vickers hardness. Results are analysed in Minitab 16 for optimizing process parameters.

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With growing population, industrialization, and urbanization, there is corresponding growth in the demand for infrastructure. Insufficient compaction dramatically lowers ultimate performance of concrete in spite of good mix design. Placing the fresh concrete requires skilled operatives using slow, heavy, noisy, expensive, energy-consuming and often dangerous mechanical vibration to ensure adequate compaction to obtain the full strength of the hardened concrete. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that does not requires vibration for placing and compaction. The performance of concrete depends on method of curing also. In conventional curing spraying of water/ keeping under wet condition is followed. A new technique called Self Curing (SC) which provides additional moisture in concrete for more effective hydration of cement. An attempt has been made to study the strength characteristics of M20 grade concrete by partially replacing cement with polyethylene glycol as self-curing agent in percentages of 0.5 to 2.

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Authentication is provided to protect a system from potential threats and to ensure that only authorized people can have right to use or handle that system & data related to that system securely. Authentication is one of the most important security service provided to system by the various authentication services or security algorithms. There are many authentication algorithms are available such as Graphical password, Text password, Biometric authentication etc. These passwords are not completely secure and effective and have many drawbacks. To overcome the disadvantages and drawbacks of the existing authentication schemes 3D password is introduced. The 3D Password is multi-feature, multi-factor authentication service that has the combination of most commonly used security services into single 3D virtual environment. This Research paper intents to conceptualize the new authentication service, its working and the applications of 3D password.

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For both steel and RCC Bridges passing rivers or creeks, common practice in many countries is to provide concrete wells to support the bridge girders. For many bridges that are strategically important in terms of defense or trade, it is essential that they remain functional even after a strong earthquake hits the structure. The present state of the art for design of well foundation is still marred with a number of uncertainties where a simplistic pseudo static analysis of its response only prevails, though it is a well-known fact that load from super structure, character of soil and its stiffness plays an important role in defining its dynamic characteristics. The present paper is thus an attempt to present a dynamic analysis model trying to cater to a number of such deficiencies as cited above and also provide a practical model (amenable to design office application) that can be used to estimate the pier, well and soil's dynamic interaction.

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Weather is an important aspect of our human lives. Human can adapt to different climatic conditions but they also need to dress appropriately for them; so the weather conditions should be known to them. Weather Analysis using Twitter data aims to gather a series of Tweets based on a particular location and generate the weather condition/ conditions that the Tweets are making a reference to. An Unsupervised Learning Approach will be used in-order to automatically classify the Tweet/Tweets of a particular location into appropriate weather categories i.e. Sunny, Windy, Cold, Humid, Hot, Chilly, Cool. To achieve Unsupervised Learning Approach a Data Set will be given to a Classifier , like Naive Bayes/K-Nearest Neighbor in-order to determine which weather conditions the tweet or set of tweets belong to and also to help the classifier improve its accuracy in determining the correct output overtime. In order for classification, pre-processing steps will be carried out on the Tweet/Tweets obtained. The pre-processing steps consist of Removal of Stop Words, Removal of Hashtags, Removal of '@'symbol etc. The Steps will be explained in detailed throughout this document. Training of the Classifier involves having a set of Tweets that are already classified into the appropriate weather conditions. Once the Classifier has been trained; the test data is given to the classifier to determine the appropriate categories that the Tweet/Tweets fall under and what is the weather condition that the person/group of people belonging to that particular location are talking about.

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The multi-level inverter system is very promising in ac drives, when both reduced harmonic contents and high power are required. A multilevel inverter is a power electronic system that synthesizes a desired output voltage from several levels of dc voltages as inputs. Recently, multilevel power conversion technology has been developing the area of power electronics very quickly with good potential for further developments. As a result, the mainly attractive applications of this technology are in the medium to high voltage ranges. Multi-Level Inverters (MLI) are today used in medium and great power applications. There are three major topologies of multi level inverters; they are capacitor clamped, diode camped and cascaded. Throughout this research work implement the nine-level asymmetric cascaded multi level inverter with IM for various kinds of level-shifted PWM techniques in Matlab Simulink. As the number of levels will augment, the synthesized output waveform has more steps that produce a staircase wave that approaches the required waveform. Also, as more steps are added to the waveform, the harmonic distortion of the output wave decreases, similar to zero as the number of levels will increase. As the number of levels will increase, the voltage that can be spanned near between devices serial also increases.

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Construction projects suffer some issues concerned with material supply and inadequate space for storing materials. In order to tackle such problems, construction management is studied from global point of view, reviewing the various practices of lean techniques and applied to the construction project. This article is based on reviewing the various issues relating with material supply and storage area management and to provide suitable solution which will influence on reduction of time and cost of analysed works. In construction projects huge part of cost and time is being spent in materials supply and storing the materials. The proposed solutions using lean techniques can be adopted to achieve the improvement in material supply and storage area management. This paper can help to understand how lean techniques play a role in improving the economic aspects of introduced changes into the process of material supply and storage area management.

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Image enhancement helps in bettering the visibility of any part or feature of the image by improving the information in visual parts or features. Several techniques offer contrast regulation as a way which proves to be a cogent tool to improve the quality of an image. So image enhancement by applying various algorithms and techniques make an image individually looks better than the original image. This research work presents a novel DWT based image enhancement technique. The approach presented in this work is simple and robust and can be used to improve the perceptual visual quality of low resolution images. The images used in implementation are standard test images of 256x256 pixel values but of low visual perceptibility. The power log transformation evaluates the threshold value from the frequency (wavelet) transformed coefficients of the input image. This threshold values is used to transform the decomposition vector obtained from the 2-d multilevel wavelet decomposition. This modified vector is then reconstructed to obtain the enhanced image pixels. At last histogram equalization method is applied to improve the visual appearance of the image. The performance the algorithm has been evaluated using a Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to noise measures. The PSNR value is close to 40 db for almost all images which shows a good improvement over previous methods.

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Due to emerging growth of internet day to day authentication is most important concern today because each and every person are using internet. So authentication is needed today. In security frameworks, data covering up is an expansive teach that incorporates an exhaustive scope of a several research areas. In authentication system we use visual encryption and Huffman coding that contain two scheme firstly data with image split with two share, share1 and share2. First share is store in server database and second share is store in warehouse where authentication is uses. During authentication phase image along with data will display when two share are available at same time. Image can be the fundamental goal of the picture compression is to demonstrate a picture in little amount of bits likewise the required substance of data isn't lost inside the real picture. Represented least number of bits by utilizing image pressure. At the point when image are exchanged over the network it requires space for capacity and time to transmit image Huffman coding gives better image quality than image compression. This system is useful mobile authentication whenever you are going to logging secure channel for example mobile payment system etc.

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In this various elements of steel structure like tension member, compression member and flexural member are connecting by fasteners or connectors. Many a times, built-up sections are provided to meet the requirements of heavy loads and long spans. Such sections also need to be connected together to act in unison as one unit. The forces exerted by one element on another are transferred through these fasteners, which should therefore be adequate to transmit the forces safely. Only properly connected and detailed members and connections can transfer the forces safely from top to the foundation. Different types of fasteners available for making connections are rivets, bolts, pins and welds. Today, steel structures are constructed with bolting or welding or by combination of both. To simplify the analysis and design, a number of assumptions and approximations are made based on experimental results, past performance and ductility of steel. The ultimate aim of connection design is to produce a joint that is simple, compatible, feasible, easy to fabricate and is safe and economical.

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In many technical applications, it is required to translate a set voltage DC source into a variable-voltage DC output. A DC-DC switching converter converts voltage straight from DC to DC and is simply recognized as a DC Converter. A DC converter is equivalent to an AC transformer through an incessantly variable turn’s ratio. It can be used to step down or step up a DC voltage source, because a transformer. DC converters are widely used for traction motor control in electric automobiles, trolley cars, marine hoists, forklifts trucks, and mine haulers. They supply high efficiency, good acceleration control and fast dynamic response. They can be used in regenerative braking of DC motors to return energy back into the supply. This attribute results in energy savings for transportation systems with frequent steps. DC converters are used in DC voltage regulators; and also are used, with an inductor in conjunction, to generate a DC current source, specifically for the current source inverter.

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To create a web application to implement version control in our work appears to fight against human nature. We can explain this contrast if we think in terms of the increased start-up costs and delayed relief associated with adopting a version control system or revision control system. Revision control allows for the ability to revert a document to a previous revision, so we characterize a convenient and proficient approach to deal with the sub adaptation controls through our undertaking.

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When big data applications are increasing, privacy becomes major issue. The implementation of these kind emerging technologies has the advantages like improved, changed service models & improve the applications performances in different perspectives. The increasing amount of data also leading a several challenges in practice. The time required for the data encryption is the serious issues during the transmission and processing of the data. Several applications leave data encryptions to reach increasing performance level including privacy. In the proposed approach concentrate is on privacy and propose encrypting data model, called Dynamic Data Encryption Strategy. Our proposed approach is aimed to encrypting the data selectively on the basis of privacy value. Designed approach is to increase the privacy protection using a selective encryption method involving required execution time.

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Induction motors and Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are widely used in industry to drive machinery trains. However, some mechanical trains driven by VFD motor systems have encountered torsional vibration problems. This vibration can induce large stresses on shafts and couplings, and reduce the lifetime of these mechanical parts. Long before the designed lifetime, the mechanical train may encounter failure. This thesis focuses on VFDs with voltage source rectifiers for squirrel-cage induction motors of open-loop Volts/Hertz and closed-loop Field Oriented Control (FOC). Induction motor loss segregation and efficiency measurement requires loading dynamometers and other equipment such as a variable voltage sinusoidal power supply. These are expensive and not often available even when a loading device is accessible. Variable frequency drives are now widely used for operating induction machines and are more widely available and less expensive.

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This Paper is about the analysis of Cyclone separator for Spray Dryer with improved design. Industrial spray dryers are used to convert the sludge product into powder form. The size of powder product is in the range of microns and it is necessary to separate the powder from process air. Cyclone, Bag filter and Scrubber are most widely used devices in particle separation process. The cost of bag filter and scrubber is approximately three times that of cyclone. Hence by improving the efficiency of cyclone, the load on Bag filter and Scrubber can be reduced. The primary objective of the present study was to analyze the cyclone separator theoretically and CFD analysis. The second objective was to propose a new design of cyclone which will have greater efficiency than the existing design cyclone. The present cyclone was analyzed in ANSYS Fluent. The results from theoretical and CFD analysis were compared. The second objective was achieved by introducing an invert cone at bottom part. CFD analysis was carried out using the same procedure as mentioned in the case of previous analysis. The trajectory of the particle, flow path of the gas and the drop in pressure were analyzed. The theoretical collection efficiency of the existing cyclone separator was found to be 94.2 %. The efficiency of the existing cyclone from CFD analysis is found to be 95.7 %. The variation in theoretical and CFD results was found to be 7%. The pressure drop in the proposed cyclone separator from CFD analysis is found to be increase by 5 mmwc compare with the CFD results of present cyclone separator. The efficiency of proposed cyclone was found to be 98%. Thus the proposed cyclone separator is 2% more efficient than present cyclone separator.

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About 40 million people (over 75% are children) are affected by water borne diseases every year. Nearly six million children below 14 years of age suffer from fluorosis due to fluoride contamination in water. Arsenic is another dangerous contaminant in ground water. putting at risk more than 10 million people in the country. Bacteriological contamination, which leads to diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis etc., is at alert level in India. Contamination due to Iron, hardness and salinity in water are other major concern. Medical expenditure on water borne diseases is estimated to be Rs. 2400 crores annualy in the country. The need for desalination and water purification is destined to grow in the coming years as the requirement for water increases. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has been engaged in R&D on desalination and water purification technologies for several years and has developed indigenous technologies which are available for know-how transfer to interested parties. I hope this technical information document will serve the purpose of creating awareness of and appreciation for desalination and water purification technologies, among the entrepreneurs, NGOs and other interested groups, so that safe drinking water can be made available to the needy population in a reliable, sustainable and affordable manner using the indigenous technologies and supplementing with market technologies in an accelerated manner on a significant scale. BARC would encourage entrepreneurs to come forward and make use of the indigenous know-how for wider deployment.

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Cloud computing refers to the practice of transitioning computer services such as computation or data storage to multiple redundant offsite locations available on the Internet, which allows application software to be operated using internet-enabled devices. Clouds can be classified as public, private, and hybrid. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centres. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services. Since the cloud computing environment is distributed and untrusted, data owners have to encrypt outsourced data to enforce confidentiality. To achieve practicable access control of encrypted data in an untrusted environment is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. Attribute-Based Encryption is a promising scheme suitable for access control in cloud storage systems. This system proposes a hierarchical attribute-based access control scheme with constant-size cipher text.

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Curing of concrete is the process involved in maintaining satisfactory moisture content and maintain favourable temperature for hydration in concrete so as to develop the desired properties of concrete. However, perfect curing is not always possible in all cases. Self-curing concrete is the type of concrete that can cure itself with its retained moisture content. It is prepared with the addition of certain chemicals as self-curing agents. Earlier works conducted on self-curing concrete have indicated that these types of concretes have better strength, reduces rate of evaporation from surface, thermal properties, fire resistance, skid-resistance property improves, reduction in autogenous shrinkage, reduced chloride ion penetrability, improvement in freezing and thawing durability as well as the contact zone between aggregate and cement matrix and reduction in micro-cracking which results in better elastic compatibility compared to conventionally cured concretes. In this project work, the individual effect of curing agents like PEG 400, PEG 4000 & PEG 6000 on strength properties by varying the percentage by 0.5% and 1% were studied. The study shows that PEG 6000 with 0.5% could help in gaining maximum strength of curing. The test results showed that self-curing concrete is best option in places where water scarcity occurs.

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In briquetting plant, briquettes produces through small pieces of agro residues or by dry material which having moisture contain below 10%. Briquetting plant consists from biomass grinder, screw conveyor and piston-press machine. The piston - press machine operates through open belt drive system. Pulley and belt system is an important part of the briquetting plant, which function is to transfer speed into reciprocating system. In this study, effect of slip and COF on belt life analysis has done through mathematical formulation and numerical simulation. Present study deals pulley simulation has done through help of Finite Element software ANSYS 12.0.1.

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Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, which is mainly derived from natural resources. Increasing population, expanding urbanization, climbing way of life due to technological innovations has demanded a huge amount of natural resources in the construction industry, which has resulted in scarcity of resources. This scarcity motivates the researchers to use, solid wastes generated by industrial, mining, domestic and agricultural activities. High demand of natural resources due to rapid urbanization and the disposal problem of agricultural wastes in developed countries have created opportunities for use of agro-waste in the construction industry. This project reviews one of the agro-waste materials, which are used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Different properties of fresh and hardened concrete and their durability when admixed with agro-wastes are reviewed. Agro-waste used in self-compacting concrete and conventional concrete are also reviewed and their properties are compared. Strength tests were studied among compressive strength, tensile strength of agro-waste concrete.

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Firefox Operating System and Chrome Operating System despite the fact that propelled numerous years prior, 1/3 A Comparative Study between Chrome OS and Firefox OS are still new to the World market. Windows and Android are the defining moment players around there. This paper breaks down how much zone Firefox and Chrome has shrouded in the OS market. Regardless of whether individuals like the highlights offered by them by taking overview and what number of individuals really realize that such OS exist. An examination of the OS with their particular rival OS in their individual field (Firefox in Smartphone and tablets while Chrome in Desktops) is made. A conclusion is drawn as of which OS out of the two has proceeded. According to the study, 64. 2% of the general population knew about the Chrome OS and 54. 7% of the general population knew about Firefox OS. 64. 2% of individuals were prepared to utilize Chrome OS and 50. 9% for Firefox OS.

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The purpose of the present was to compare the motor educability between normal and specially abled children. Total 40 children were taken as a sample (20 children were normal and 20 specially abled children). Normal children were taken from S. S. M. School, Punjabi university Patiala and children with deaf & blind were taken from Patiala school for the Deaf, Saifdipur. Age of all the children was ranging between 10 to 15 years. The 't' test was applied to compare the mean scores of two groups. The level of Significance was set at 0.05. The results powerfully prove that, significant differences were observed between normal and specially abled children for their motor educability test. In this test Normal children are superior as compare to specially abled children in motor educability.

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The objective of this research paper is to determine the distance of underground 3 phase power cable fault from base station in kilometers by using PIC microcontroller & GSM. This project uses the simple concept of ohm's law & Voltage divider rule. When short circuit occurs in a 3 phase power cable, voltage changes based on the length of fault happened in a cable, since the current varies. Here, 1 KΩ resistors are used to represent the cable for R, Y and B [1]. The fault is detected by detecting the change in voltage using an ADC and a PIC microcontroller. These ADC & PIC Microcontroller are used to make the required calculations for fault detection and once the calculation done, the fault distance will be display on the LCD screen. SIM 800 - GSM module is used to send the information via AT Commands.

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