The purpose of this study is to perform a multi-disciplinary design and analysis of the materials such as Carbon Fibre material and Polypropylene materials with composite structures as corrugated structure and hexagonal honeycomb plates used for helmet structure for providing the comfort and protective padding along with lightweight property with improved overall strength of helmet. The primary goal of using these sandwich composite structures in helmets is to provide an appropriate absorption capacity while applied impact loading or pressure. For optimization of the helmet structure, this study is performed by using two materials for developing plates of composite structures such as honeycomb and corrugated sandwich structure with Carbon Fibre material and Polypropylene materials. The integrated helmet structure is then simulated on ANSYS workbench for analyzing the performances and mechanical properties and compared all the cases for achieving optimized helmet design. This paper is presented here to demonstrate the proposed methodology and analyzed results in different cases.

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This paper presents the need of Speed Control in Induction Motors. Out of the various methods of controlling Induction motors, V/f Control has proven to be the most versatile. The overall scheme of implementing V/f control has been presented. One of the basic requirements of this scheme is the PWM Inverter. In this, PWM Inverters have been modelled and their outputs fed to the Induction Motor drives. The uncontrolled transient and steady state response of the Induction Motor has been obtained and analyzed. A MATLAB code was developed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor, and the Torque was found to be constant for various rotor speeds. This was followed by a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was observed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Controller gave a very superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor while maintaining a constant maximum torque.

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The purpose of this paper is to study various properties of the F structure satisfying F2k - F = 0. Where is positive integer . The metric F- structure, kernel and tangent vectors have also been discussed.

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Wireless powered communication networking (WPCN) could be a new networking paradigm wherever the battery of wireless communication devices will be remotely replenished by using microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In this paper, we performed the network and K wireless nodes. The wireless nodes have energy harvesting skills and may harvest power from hybrid access point (H-AP) and alternative nodes in numerous allotted time slots. The created network send and receive the data which is compared through the energy monitoring system. The output of compared energy is low enough then goes towards the energy harvester. We recommend two new schemes serial energy harvesting (SEH) & circular energy harvesting CEH for the WPC that perform powered harvesting among peer nodes. Inside the first scheme, each node harvests power from peer nodes transmitting in the preceding time slots, at the same time as each wireless node harvests power from all nodes in the second scheme. Heuristic recursive optimization algorithm used to search optimum solutions of two optimizations based on different working modes. The network has reasonable energy gain with the aid of SEH with fewer process quality. Otherwise, the network provides greater feasible output performance, as soon as it adopts CEH scheme.

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In recent decades, worldwide growth of automobile industry and increasing use of car as a means of transport has tremendously boosted tire production. This has generated massive stockpiles of used tires. Big amounts of used rubber tires accumulate in the world each year-275 million in the United States and 180 million in European Union. India is presently generating construction and demolition waste to the tune of23.75 million tones annually and these figures are likely to double fold in the next 7years.This project is an attempt to design concrete of 25Mpa using natural sand, Conventional sand, Shredded rubber, crumb rubber and recycled aggregate as an alternative source of aggregate in concrete. A comparison with control mix which uses conventional material will allow to assess the difference in the properties of materials or concrete and ultimately the suitability of using shredded rubber, crumb rubber aggregate and recycled aggregate in concrete (probably in percentages) for structural components. Replacement of constant 1% crumb rubber, 1% shredded rubber and variable as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% replacement of recycled aggregate respectively. By above mix design, investigate the properties of compressive strength, split tensile strength.

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Adjustment is a state in the condition of harmony arrived at by a person whom we call “well adjusted’. Adjustment means how efficiently an individual performs his duties in different circumstances. It is a process of maintaining a balance between the needs such as physical, social, psychological and the circumstances that influence the satisfaction of these needs. Adjustment is a continuous process to produce harmonious relationship between a man and his environment. It implies proper degree of social feelings and sense of social responsibility. It promotes happiness and efficiency in an environment. Adjustment is a process through which a man can change his environment according to his needs which leads to the modification of one’s behaviour and attitude. Descriptive survey method was used to conduct a pilot study to determine the level of adjustment of B.Ed. students of Teacher Education colleges located at district Faridabad of Haryana in relation to their intelligence. The population of the present study comprised of the 120 B.Ed. students of Teacher Education Colleges located at Faridabad district. The findings of the study show that there is significant difference between the male and the female B.Ed. students of teacher education colleges with respect to their adjustment and intelligence. A significant correlation was found between adjustment and intelligence of B.Ed. students studying in teacher education colleges.

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This paper, emphasize that to procure theoretical achievement of cooperative diversity is not forthright and also address concerns related to networking and protocol facet of cooperation. Cooperative diversity is a technique in which numbers of radio terminals relay signals for one another. Cooperative diversity outcomes when cooperative communications is used mainly to clout the spatial diversity convenient among scattered radios. In this paper various cooperative diversity proposals and their utilization in different wireless networks are considered. Also, the brunt of cooperative diversity on the energy consumption and career of sensor network and the brunt of cooperation in cognitive radio are considered. Here, user scheduling and radio resource allocation techniques are also considered which are advanced in order to conveniently integrate various cooperative diversity approaches.

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In Natural convection heat transfer with the help of fin arrays, parameter are fin length to height ratio, spacing and orientation of geometry. In the longitudinally short fin array, where single chimney flow pattern is present hence heat transfer coefficient is high. In long rectangular fin arrays, air is stagnant at central zone hence it is not so much contributed in heat dissipation. In present study experimental setup is developed to studying the effect of natural convection over rectangular fin array. Fin spacing, height and heater input are the parameter study during experimentation. Lampblack coating is used to black fin surface. Flow patterns of various spacing’s are investigated using smoke flow visualization techniques. Most of the studies on natural convection have been considered constantly whereas velocity and temperature domain, do not change with time, transient one are used a lot. Governing equations are solved using a finite volume approach. The convective terms are discretized using the power-law scheme, whereas for diffusive terms the central difference is employed. Coupling between the velocity and pressure is made with SIMPLE algorithm. The resultant system of discretized linear algebraic equations is solved with an alternating direction implicit scheme. Then a configuration of rectangular fins is put in different ways on the surface and heat transfer of natural convection on these surfaces without sliding is studied and finally optimization is investigated.

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Edge detection is an important image processing technique with wide range of applications. Several edge detection algorithms have been developed in the past few decades, however no single algorithm is suitable for all types of applications. Face recognition is one such important application in which edge detection plays a key role. Edge maps help in representing faces as a single unit. Here we survey the existing edge detection techniques and their suitability for extracting edges from facial images under noisy conditions. Then we introduce the proposed algorithm which is optimized for extracting edge maps from facial images under normal and noisy conditions. The proposed method is optimized for extracting edges from images corrupted by various types of noises. Performance of several existing edge detectors is severely degraded under noisy conditions. However, using the proposed method we are able to consistently detect good quality edge maps under various levels of noises.

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Among the panoply of applications enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), smart and connected health care is a particularly important one. E-Health services can take advantage of the technological achievements in the area of the Internet of Things (IoT), and of the cost reduction and increasing user-friendliness of health monitoring devices. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IOT-based health monitoring system for emergency medical services which can demonstrate collection, integration, and interoperation of IoT data flexibly which can provide support to emergency medical services like Intensive Care Units (ICU), using optimal photosensors and IoT technique. The project is also targeting to develop a significant photosensors to the medical fields that is easy to use and monitor their health by the user everywhere. The other target is to develop a comfortable instrument, reliable, accurate result to develop of heart pulse using low cost photosensors. Home equipped with environmental sensors, physiological parameters monitoring devices, an home automation devices, could become the "hardware" of an "operating system" for application developers and service providers. The system would expose web services through a unique cloud infrastructure for users’ data collection and storage, administration and billing, and healthcare service provisioning applications by possibly multiple third parties. We present an instance of a cloud-based web server which relies on a "home system" for the collection of information from an heterogeneous set of devices, providing a high level description of the proposed overall architectural model, of the induced opportunities from the market perspective, and of how it could be used by healthcare applications developers and service providers, including details on how the web server Application Programming Interfaces (API) is implemented in our instance.

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Power factor in an AC electrical power system is described as the ratio of the actual power passing though the load to the virtual power flowing through the circuit or the cosine angle of the potential and charge of an AC circuit. A phase difference Ø exists between the potential and charge of an AC circuit and cosine which is called the circuit's power factor. Suppose we get an inductive circuit we generally get the lagging by the voltage and that will be called a lagging power factor. And suppose we get the capacitive circuit then the current will be leading by the voltage and that will be referred as a leading power factor. The usage of power electronic system has reached to a new application stage that include residential, commercial, and aerospace and many others. Power electronic interfaces e.g. Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) have proved to be superior over traditional linear power supplies. However their nonlinear behavior puts a question mark on their efficiency. The current drawn by the SMPS from the line is distorted resulting in a high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and low Power Factor (PF). Other adverse effects on the power system includes increased magnitudes of neutral current in three phase systems, overheating of transformers and induction motors etc. Therefore there is a continuous need of power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. A large range of PFC circuits have been proposed with diverse operating modes to solve the situation. These PFC circuits adjust the waveforms of the current in the input side so that the maximum power can be tapped from the supplies. The current in this situation is free from all the lower as well as higher order harmonics thus copies the input voltage waveform. So this causes the current in the circuit to be at the lowest possible value to do the same work. the losses associated with circuit are reduced. Hence the consumption in power is reduced greatly. Boost converter accomplishes this active power-factor correction (ACMC) in discontinuous as well as in continuous modes.

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Given the fact that LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol didn’t take the residual energy of nodes when choosing the cluster heads. Cluster head selection based on threshold value, In this process, If low energy node is being selected as the cluster head, then low-energy node to be dead at an early stage, then the network fails soon. Here in this paper, we introduced an energy factor when choosing a cluster head, which can selects a node with high-energy to be a cluster head. Meanwhile, we conducted a simulation specific to LEACH protocol and this (Energy Efficient-LEACH) EE-LEACH in terms of network lifetime, and energy consumption. Simulation results show that EE-LEACH has better performance compared with LEACH protocol in these aspects.

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The aim of this project is to design, manufacture and validate design of gearbox parts using both analytical and experimental techniques. Standard gearboxes are available in the market. But sometimes required output torque is in between standard output torque values. In this case higher standard output torque gearboxes are used which are uneconomical, heavy as well as large in size. Also quarter turn worm and worm wheel gearboxes for opening and closing of butterfly valves gives better performance, because butterfly valves rotate only in 90°. This paper represents design, optimization and testing of special purpose worm and worm wheel gearbox for butterfly valve operation.

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Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) has been widely utilized as ingredients in concrete due to the advantages of economic, technical and environmental benefits of this material. This paper deals with the effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete made with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with replacement ratios of 20%, 40% and 60% by weight of cement. The concrete specimens were subjected to different elevated temperatures from 200⁰C to 1200⁰C. Afterward, the residual compressive strength, split tensile strength and the flexural strength of concrete were determined. For this purpose cube, cylindrical and beam Specimens of size (150 x 150 x 150 mm), (150 x 300 mm) and (100 x100 x500 mm) were made. This investigation developed some important data on the properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. Test results shows that at elevated temperature 20% Ground granulated blast furnace slag +1% steel fibre found suitable combination as compared with the other combinations.

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The electric lineman safety system makes use of a new concept of password and GSM. Due to the lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and the electric substation staff linemen are suffering from fatal accidents while repairing lines. Hence to avoid this we are implementing a password and GSM based lineman safety system on power lines. These passwords provide total control to the system to turn on or off the supply to each line. For example, line man has the control to turn ON/OFF the line. If there is a problem in any section of the supply line, then staff wants to turn off that line and repair it. For that the using a matrix keypad he can enter it in the system. Then the system compares the entered password with the generated password. If the passwords are matched, then the supply to that line will be made OFF. He can also control the line using mobile. After completion of his work he can turn on the line by using the password. This ensures security of the worker because no one can turn on the line without his permission. In addition to this to save electrical energy automatic lighting system also included in this project.

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This research study describes the relationship between Frame supplied and vehicle assembly under Just-in- sequence (JIS). The paper refers to a case in commercial vehicle build and the main target is to identify and analyze the potential problems between both parts and explain how they work together also how to improve operational efficiency. Methodology of this paper is based on data collection method and value stream mapping, to explain how this part of the supply chain works, the relationships along the chain and the difficulties of sequencing. Results of this research identify and analyses the potential problems between both parts and relates how a mistake from one of them can affect the other one. Analysis in this study has highlighted the difficulties that arise within the industry by introducing new models of vehicles in production. Limitations of this research can only be related to the Daimler India commercial vehicles, for truck manufacturer that work under a JIS context and it identifies and analyses the problems, solutions and measures for managing them.

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A concrete has strong in compression and weak in tension, impact and flexure. To increase these properties we have add some addition to concrete like fibres. Fibres are giving some additional tensile and impact strength to concrete. In this investigation we are adding fibres like Glass with a fibre dosage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% were dispersed into the concrete of mix design M30 grade. The results are compared with conventional concrete so that here increasing the fibre dosage in concrete randomly increasing compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength .so finally while using fibres in concrete we are going to transfer brittle failure to ductility property.

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The following article is about the analysis of suspension model that is used for increasing the stability of four wheelers turning at elevated speeds. The analysis of software model can generate locations of different stresses that will be encountered while working of the suspension unit. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the car's handling and braking. Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. Also increases the passenger comfort and isolates from road bumps and irregularities. This paper also signifies the use of adaptive control over the conventional suspension systems. A detailed analysis and significant research efforts have been devoted to the investigation of structured analysis of the suspension strut. The effects of the variable parameter such as stress, strain and displacement are computed in the structural analysis. A static analysis gives you certain information about your model.

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This article discusses the significance of adaptive control of the modified suspension arm over the existing standard suspension strut used in the four wheeler suspension assembly. The objective is to increase control over vehicle during a sharp turn. In this paper we have compared the major aspects of safety and vehicle control during cornering at increased speeds. While making the modifications, the existing conventional suspension system is retained, adding a new component which can certainly adapt according to changing conditions of load on vehicle. This gives more flexibility to the un-sprung mass which lies over the suspension assembly to counteract with incoming unbalanced forces at corners. The conditions could be simulated by use of software before using it in actual prototype. The main advantage of this modification is reduced chances of body roll even at high speed corners.

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The E-STAR is used for implementing steady and safe paths in different various multi hop wireless networks. E-STAR bind payment and trust systems with trust placed and energy wise path protocol. Payment rule awards nodes that relay remains packets & charges those who transmit packets. The trust rule decides nodes capacity and certainty in relaying packets in provision of multi structural trust values. We have a tendency to develop 2 way protocols to straightforward movement over those greatly trustworthy nodes retain enough power to reduce likelihood of splitting the path. By this idea, E-STAR will activates the nodes not solely to transmit packets, however additionally to keep up path steady & details accurate battery power potentials. Discrete results establish E-STAR will provide safe payment and trust computing beyond false allegations.

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In this paper we consider an automatically controlling speed mechanism for vehicles at restricted areas such as schools, hospital zones etc. It is not practical to monitor these sensitive areas throughout. In this system, a way for controlling the speed of the vehicles within certain limit in restricted zones without interruption of the driver’s role is discussed. A mechanical setup along with a stepper motor is designed for a specific vehicle which is controlled by a micro-controller. A radio-frequency (RF) trans-receiver is used for this purpose with interface to micro-controller for control operation. Results and discussion shows that this proposed system is reliable scalable and effective for the regulation of speed according to coded signal transmitted by transmitted in the sensitive accident prone zones.

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This project is focused on drowsy driver detection and the objective of this project is to recognize driver’s state with high performance. Drowsy driving is one of the main reasons of traffic accidents in which many people die or get injured. There is a substantial amount of evidence that suggests that driver drowsiness plays a significant role in road accidents. Driver fatigue is the major cause of accidents in the world. Detecting the drowsiness of the driver is the surest ways of measuring the driver fatigue. The purpose of this paper is to develop a drowsiness detection system. This system works by analyzing the eye movement of the driver and alerting the driver by activating the buzzer when he/she is drowsy. The system so implemented is a nonintrusive real-time monitoring system for eye detection. During monitoring, the system is able to decide whether the eyes were opened or closed. When the eyes were detected closed for too long, a signal was issued to warn the driver. In addition, the system also has an option for making vibration when drowsiness was detected. The aim is on improving the safety of the driver without being obtrusive.

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The study area is located in the Western ghats of the Maharashtra. The annual rainfall conditions differ from region to region. In spite of the technological developments in providing improved crop varieties and better management practices in Satara district, agriculture has been considered a gamble as the agricultural productivity is strongly influenced by the vagaries of the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is 1277 mm. The computation of eleven tahsilwise annual rainfall use help of mean, S.D. and coefficient of rainfall variability. This attempt has been made to 1998 to 2016 annual rainfall in Satara district. This article aims to studies related to trends in rainfall eastern part of Satara district in Maharashtra. There are changes in the results of the talukawise studies and a clear and rational picture of rainfall trend has variability in drought prone region. In a study on talukawise trend analysis seven tahsils had decreasing trend in annual rainfall. Among two tahsils showing increasing trend, Mahabaleshwar tahsil shows highest rainfall trend. Remaining two tahsil had the same direction of trend in annual rainfall and seasonal scale.

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This paper describes a simple and efficient method of image compression using Alpha-molecules and Huffman coding technique. Image compression using Wavelet transform, Curvelet transform and Contourlet transform followed by Huffman coding exists in the literature. The work in this paper is proposed using Shearlet transform which has not been done yet. Various biomedical images of MRI of different parts of body such as lungs, shoulder, cardiac and brain are compressed using transform based coding. Wavelet and its variants such as Curvelet, Contourlet and Shearlet are used for transformation. The approximation and detail coefficients being extracted are processed for coding followed by decoding and inverse transformation. A comparative analysis is drawn between various transforms on the basis of various quantitative measures such as PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise ratio), MSE (Mean Square error), AD (Average Difference), NAE (Normalized Absolute error).

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A modulation and control method for the new transformerless unified power flow controller (UPFC) is proposed in this paper. To overcome this problem, a completely transformerless UPFC based on an innovative configuration of two cascade multilevel inverters has been proposed. The conventional UPFC that consists of two back-to-back inverters requires bulky and often complicated zigzag transformers for isolation and reaching high power rating with desired voltage waveforms. The new UPFC offers several advantages over the traditional technology, such as transformerless, light weight, high efficiency, low cost and fast dynamic response. This paper focuses on the modulation and control for this new transformerless UPFC, including optimized fundamental frequency modulation for low total harmonic distortion and high efficiency, independent active and reactive power control over the transmission line, dc-link voltage balance control, etc. By using the simulation results we can analyze the both the steady-state and dynamic-response results.

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