In data mining, problems are arises when we are applying some data mining techniques to real-life data, which frequently shows rare class problem. Another name of rare class is class imbalance. Class imbalance problem encounters when one class having more samples than other classes. . The minority class data are those data which occur less frequently. Most of the researcher used two techniques to tackle the issue of rare class. Those techniques are the preprocessing techniques which are named as under sampling and oversampling. In under sampling, Important data belongs to mjority has been eliminated. Oversampling is applied to solve rae class issue by replicating the sample, data belongs to minority. Rare class issue leads to misclassification of minority class sample. To overcome this issue, we proposed an efficient clustered based oversampling technique i.e. ECMO which will minimize the problem of mirroring of data associated with the oversampling technique and analyse the performance of ECMO technique.

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The goal of system is to make tourism more attractive, interactive & memorable. Visitors are not always provided with guide. Above all there is no certification for them, so we can’t trust completely on the information provided by them. Our system is going to replace manual guide by electronic guide which provide self-learning environment, which include historical importance, specifications, photo gallery of the place, along with this we provide two types of services one is entertainment like culture of place, local tradition, folk songs, food etc. and other is emergency services like medical assistance, security etc. The Bluetooth dongle is used which provide unique MAC address placed at each location is received by user module, then compares it with the corresponding identification stored in the database. When a match is found, detailed information is retrieved. So the user can take an audio as well as image tour of the museum. The information will be provided with help of pictures and text along with audio format System. E-guide uses various pedagogical strategies to make content interesting. This is really going to make revolutionary changes in the field of tourism.

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The main aim of the project is to minimize the man power and to restrict the wastage of water. It also aims to reduce the energy of man. It increases the yield of crops. The automatic water management in drip irrigation is used to provide required water to crops. There are main three units in the project i.e. sensor unit, valve unit and main base station unit. Microcontroller is used to communicate between three units. Water that is to be provided to crops is first saved in a tank from lakes, rivers etc. So we had used one more unit motor unit .the soil moisture sensors senses the volumetric water content in soil and provides the data to base station unit using microcontroller The Zigbee is used to compare the values, and compare the values with threshold and provides the corresponding data to base station unit. Base station unit gives the information to valve unit. Valve unit will open the valve of particular lane to which the water is to be provided. After the conditions are fulfilled again the information is send to base station unit which sends the data to valve unit and valve unit changes the direction of the valve .as we have used motor unit it will first check if it is dry run it will power off the motor, and again it checks whether pressure of water is low or high, if it is low motor again will be turned off showing that water tank is going to be empty.

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Structural systems incorporating steel-concrete composite beams have been widely used throughout the world for building and bridge structures. The steel-concrete composite structures can resist the fire. This project deals with the experimental study on the flexural behaviour of steel-concrete composite beam using epoxy adhesive bonding. The flexural strength of the profiles is determined by two-point loading test and the flexural behaviour is obtained with deflection occurring very well.

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With the development of lot of construction techniques and different materials technology, the design of recent civil engineering has become so much advanced and difficult. Along with this we also need to focus on the improvement and effective monitoring of all the technologies in the structure because this is an essential part for the improvement in the performance of structural monitoring systems and for reduction in labour. Parallel to this, implementation costs have become important issue that all the experts and scientists are involved for solving. In this research paper application of cost effective and high accuracy photogrammetric system is studied and tested for monitoring civil engineering structures. This research paper includes the merits of photogrammetry for a cost effective and highly efficient accurate solution for structural health monitoring of large and complex structures. Therefore, this research paper introduces a real-time measuring system also called as VMS and this is is based on digital photogrammetry. The calculated results of photogrammetric system are compared with those of traditional apparatus (dial gauge) and also theoretical calculations in various tests and then the accuracy of photogrammetric system is evaluated.

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Deformation checking is an important procedure for measuring the structural health of complete civil engineering structures. Most classical methods for measuring deformation or deflection taking place in structures need periodic access for the particular area being monitored properly. Like remote sensing techniques, photogrammetry does not need any connection with the objects of interest, and this can be a great benefit when it comes to the deformation monitoring of inaccessible structures or simply large structures. This paper shows a cost-effective setup of digital cameras used for photogrammetry for calculating deformation monitoring of structural materials. The setup was tested in two experiments, in which concrete beams were deformed at different loading conditions by a hydraulic actuator. The methodology necessary to measure the deflections or deformations consisted of: (1) Image processing and extraction of co-ordinates. (2) Measurement of deflection and comparison by terrestrial methods.

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The term value stream mapping is defined as a lean manufacturing tool which includes all the actions both value added and non-value added required bringing a product into its finished state. In today’s global competitive world, the era of mass production and pull system is over and companies are experiencing a heavy pressure because of globalization. Main objective of any organisation become satisfying customer requirements. Value is now defined by customer point of view as customer willing to pay and what worthiness that product has for them. They will not pay for any waste and companies have to be focused on this. Thus, companies need to implement Value Stream Mapping (VSM) because it has been established as one of the best and most convenient tools of lean manufacturing implementation and to identify and eliminate all kind of wastes. This paper presents a case study of application of value stream mapping in an Indian foundry industry. This industry was manufacturing Crusher Jaw plates. The application of these plates is in stone cutting plants. The case study has been used to show the applicability and importance of VSM in foundry industry. Current state of the jaw plate manufacturing has been developed by using VSM symbols. This current state map was then used to identify areas for improvements. From the findings of CVSM it was observed that lead time was quite high for given demand, Cycle Time was more than Takt time and number of operators could be reduced by combining operations. As a result, including individual improvements in WIP, Labour Utilisation, Cycle Time, Lead Time, Changeover Time, the overall improvement was found near to 22%.

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Rollover of the heavy vehicle most of the times occurs on curving section of road. To reduce these type of the accidents especially on the curving section introduce an interconnected hydraulic suspension system in which double acting hydraulic cylinder are used, they are diagonally opposite connected to each other. Due to centrifugal force the load is concentrated on the outer suspension. Due to interconnection of the hydraulic system oil from lower portion of the cylinder moves in upper portion of another cylinder. Due to this type of connection the force is transferred to the inner side and balance or maintain the centre of gravity of the vehicle within the limit and prevent the accident.

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Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is one of the most intimate methods used for high data rate transmission with higher fidelity. UWSN network contains a various number of sensors and vehicles that are distributed to perform tasks over a given area. Radio waves or high frequency waves strongly vitiated in water, the available radio modules such as Bluetooth, which operates in GHz, cannot work well in underwater. To overcome this problem, acoustic waves used in place of radio waves. Frequencies connected with underwater acoustics are between 10 Hz to 1 MHz Acoustic waves consume more energy than radio waves, so energy saving in UWSN is vital. Designing energy efficient routing protocol that amplifies throughput and minimizes power consumption is the most common issue in UWSN. The two dimensional architecture and various algorithms such as VBF, DUCS, GSA, REBAR for underwater sensor networks are discussed in this paper. The objective of this paper is to survey the existing network technology for underwater acoustic channel and essentially concentrate on increasing the energy efficiency of the network.

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This paper proposes jewellery inventory and management system using RFID system to replace the current method of stock taking. The RFID based jewellery inventory management requires lesser time compared to any other technique and also remotely calculating the stock. In this system a RFID tag is attached to jewellery item, RFID reader detects that tag and records the data. In this system hardware containing controller interfaced with the HF range RFID reader and a display and together it makes a dependable jewellery inventory system. If any jewellery is misplaced, then it is very time consuming and difficult task to find it manually, but with RFID tag detector system, misplaced item can be found easily if it has tag attached with it, and more than one misplaced tag can be found at a same time using proposed system. Most important feature of this system is tag detector is wirelessly connected with PC.

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This Paper aim to develop a highly cost effective Air Conditioner with use of pulsating heat pipe instead of cooling coils. In conventional Air conditioner work on Vapour compression cycle with use of Compressor for increased pressure and temperature of working fluid, that is refrigerant. Compressor is very high power consuming device and needs great amount of electrical energy. Also compressor produces noise and requires maintenance. At present in India there is shortage of electrical power and there is large number of efforts are carried out to reduce power consumption. This paper is part of one such effort. Objective of this paper is to eliminate the use of high power consuming compressor and use a pulsating heat pipe instead of cooling coils. Eliminating use of compressor will definitely reduce the power consumption; and use of pulsating heat pipe will cause the flow of refrigerant without any external power.

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This project is developed to help the customer to purchase the appropriate product and get the accurate details about that product. This is a camera based system to scan the barcode placed on a product and read the detailed information of the product with the help of Id stored in the barcode. In order to use this system, all the user needs to do is capture the barcode image placed on the product using the android mobile phone which then resolves the barcode and provide details of the product to be purchased. Also it will provide the details such as product name, product price, etc. in the speech format. This android application can also provide the customer with the detailed information about the exact location where a particular product is placed and also give the navigation details for selected product. Nowadays, lots of people use to buy excessive amount of products daily. In Super Markets or Malls, sometimes the customers find the difficulties while searching the required product due to different varieties of products placed and in large quantities. So, this android application can also provide the exact location for the required product and also give navigation details in speech format. This is very easy to use and affordable as it requires an android or smart phone to scan the barcode using barcode scanner and display the details of the product in the speech format. This project can be implemented in any shopping mall, supermarket, Book stores, Medical stores etc.

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Gears are the device used to transmit motion from one shaft to another shaft by direct contact. Tooth of the gear is most important device in a gear system and has focused in the current study. A detailed study about the earlier work conducted on the design and stress analysis of tooth of bevel gear using ANSYS and other simulating software is presented. Discussion about the types of materials being used for manufacturing of tooth of bevel-gear and the stress acting on the surface of tooth of bevel gear and its parts has presented. Tool geometry has represented for the nomenclature used during its bevel-gear design and manufacturing. Literature shows that helical bevel gear is best and can be manufactured on the same unit that of spur gears with same precision. Tooth of the gear is the most important part as they goes under high load and stress which are the reasons of the failure of gear. A design of the bevel gear is presented in the paper. 20 number of tooth has considered at the profile of the gear.

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Automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible with current human labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and/or realize predictable quality levels. Automated Vehicle Surveillance System is designed to elevate the level of Security in the premises where the system is installed. It provide the detail statistics of all Authorized vehicles like the time at which the vehicle left the premises (OUT), the time of entrance of vehicle in the premises(IN), Vehicle no., Vehicle Owner, Type of vehicle, etc automatically by reading the content of QR code which is pre-embedded on authorized vehicle. Also it automatically identifies unauthorized vehicle and blocks it from entering the premises by a gate barrier. It warns security officials of unauthorized vehicle by firing an alarm signal. The gate can be opened only if security officials examine the vehicle & grant access to it. The system is transparent, so that the vehicle that passes through it hardly notices its operation. This provides speedily operation and avoids inconvenience. Hence the system provides top notch security and tracking measures with transparency.

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The Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) system is interfaces brainwave with computer. Brain generates Electroencephalography (EEG) signal. The BCI should be capable to provide more controlled variable commands with increased accuracy to the user. The resolution of the BCI is mainly depends on the sensor, amplifiers and filter used. We are using Neurosky mindwave sensor to capture brainwave from scalp. And Filtering done by using Matlab program. For robot moment we use filtered signal. By using this command we can move robot left, right, forward and backward direction. The BCI can be used to discover the emotion which is also use to control the surrounding environment such as controlling the interior of the car or house.

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Today, transportation technology which includes two wheelers and 4 wheelers growth fast, but many peoples do not know how to work for their vehicles. Fault Detection is not an easy for inexperienced mechanic or driver because it is needed a lot of knowledge for finding the fault. They extremely depend on expert mechanic. Looking into this, the system is proposed to detect the fault in an incipient stage to avoid the inconvenience. The manual approaches are limited for checking of some measurable output variables because they do not give a deeper insight and usually do not allow a fault diagnosis. Model-based method of fault detection is developed by using input and output signals. Faults can be excessive vibration made by the engine, it can be excessive emissions of the gas such as CO2, NO and the engine getting over heated due to increase in combustion temperature. So, our project aims in creating a module or a device which will detect, determine and display all the measurable faults which will help the mechanics, car owners to rightly diagnose the faults and repair the engine to make it more efficient. In proposed project, quality will be determined by sensing engine parameters such as vibration, emission & temperature and comparing it with set of standard values.

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Self-curing concrete is one of the special concrete in mitigating in-sufficient curing due to human negligence paucity of water in arid area, inaccessibility to structures in difficult terrain and in areas where the presence of fluorides in water will badly affect the various characters of concrete. The present study involves the use of shrinkage reducing admixture polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) which helps in self-curing and for better hydration and strength. Barite powder (BASO4) is used as a partial replacement to fine aggregate of about 30% is used in the self-curing concrete beam and also an hot rolled steel I section is encased in the beam. The flexural behavior of these concrete beams are studied and compared with each other.

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DSRC stands for dedicated short-range communication. The DSRC used for PC to PC communication and other application. The DSRC standards generally an adoptive technique from FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, to increase the signal reliability. The similarity-oriented logic simplification technique is proposed to overcome the limitations of FM0 and Manchester code, i.e. it limits the potential to design a fully reused VLSI architecture. By using similarity oriented logic simplification technique (SOLS) circuit complexity is reduces, required low power consumption and also less time required. The dedicated short-range communication is an newly created technique to push the intellectual transportation system into our day to day life.This paper not only develops for a fully reused VLSI architecture, but also convey an effective performance compared with the existing works.

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There is huge communication taking place in social networking site due to that many users came across various issues like cyber bullying and grooming [2]. There are some political issues which tend to riots. Usually a social networking site wall is flooded with lots of posts; it’s difficult for the user to view important post. That’s why our aim is to focus on classifying those posts into various categories. Post can be classified into various categories like: Entertainment post, Political post, Social post, Historical post, Educational post, Sports post etc.

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Concrete paver blocks are perfect materials on the footpaths and streets for simple laying, better look and finish. In this paper, a parametric experimental study for producing paver bricks utilizing waste steel aggregate (the type of rounded bearing balls of size 6.30 mm) is exhibited. Waste steel bearing balls are included in concrete of paver bricks in different rates. Elastic rubber Pads are additionally utilized underneath the paver bricks. Compressive strength and Impact strength of paver bricks with different rates of waste steel aggregate and utilizing elastic Rubber Pads is researched. Test results demonstrate that mix of utilizing elastic Rubber Pads and including different rates of waste steel aggregate in paver bricks gives upto 50% more strength than common paver bricks.

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Water quality index delivers a single digit that states whole water quality at a certain time and location based on several water quality parameters. These indices are better to understandable and useable for public and concerning water management bodies. These indices give general idea of possible problems in the water to public where they live. It can be used to look trends over a period of time on an each location. It is a number ranging from 0 to 100; higher number indicates better quality and sometimes higher number indicates poor quality. The whole story of water quality can’t tell by a single number.

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In multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system; the main difficulty in data transmission in broadcast channel is that the desired signal is affected by other user signal. So, interference cancellation at the base station is required. In this paper, two methods channel inversion and block diagonalization are used to cancel interference. First the channel inversion method is used to cancel inference due to other signals and minimizes noise enhancement and second Block Diagonalization (BD) method eliminates or minimizes the multi-user interference. This paper discusses the performance of channel inversion and Block Diagonalization (BD) in term of bit error rate (BER)

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Cyber jihadist does an activity through internet and spread information online, social media in worldwide. Now in this technological era terrorist organizations are using latest information technologies for full feeling their holy war, such as software, computer, telecommunication devices and the Internet to organize and circulate their coordinating activities. The internet helps to spread information about the jihadists and their goal toppling regimes in the region and establishing a state according to what they believe to be Islamic principles. It has also increasingly become a web technology to recruit new online members, raise online funds, and conduct new types of online attacks which do not involve explosives or bullets. In this paper we have analysis such attacks and activity which is done through web based or social media.

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This paper is relating the weld-able plastic materials among which is the most weld-able and economical by different means of welding techniques and methodologies. While considering material for the welding purpose it is also important to predict the chemical variation in there composition and the change of behaviour while heating i.e. the effect of temperature is also included during the welding. So, in this paper we will regard about the thermoplastics which are weld-able rather the method of welding technique or methodology used.

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Image Enhancement is one of the predominant and problematic strategies in Image research. The intention of image enhancement is to reinforce the visible appearance of an image, or to provide a “better turn into illustration for future automated image processing. Many images like medical images, satellite image, aerial images and even real existence portraits endure from poor contrast and noise. It is necessary to enhance the contrast and dispose of the noise to expand imageo pleasant. Image Enhancement techniques which improves the first-rate (readability) of images for human viewing, casting off blurring and noise, growing distinction, and revealing important points are examples of enhancement operations. The enhancement technique differs from one discipline to yet another in keeping with its objective. The prevailing procedures of image enhancement can be classified into three classes: wavelength compensation and image dehazing (WCID), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (Clahe)and blend-CLAHE. In this paper, the present an outline of image enhancement processing methods in spatial domain. Additional exceptionally, the categorise processing approaches established representative strategies of image enhancement.

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