Digital watermarking is drawing attention a new method for protecting multimedia content from illegal copying. In this paper, we present a alternative audio watermarking procedure to provide copyright protection to the digital audio by modifying audio samples directly by making use of algorithm called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The original audio signal is sampled at 44.1 kHz to split it into non-overlapping frames. These frames are further decomposed by EMD adaptively into intrinsic oscillatory mono-component signals known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The digital watermark along with synchronization codes are embedded into the last IMF extrema. This is low frequency mode, stable under different attacks and preserving the audio quality of host signal. Based on the simulations, robustness of hidden watermark is demonstrated for different attacks such as noise, filtering, compression, cropping, resampling and re-quantization.. It is seen that the data embedding rate or payload of the algorithm is 46.9-50.3 bits per second.

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LARS* is a location aware recommendation system that detects the location of user from IP address of system, gives details of that location and uses location based rating to produced recommendations. Recommender systems which are traditional do not consider spatial properties of users nor items; LARS*, on the other hand, supports a technique of three classes of location-based ratings, i.e. the spatial ratings for non-spatial items, the non-spatial ratings for the spatial items, and the spatial ratings for the spatial items. Details about user’s location are provided by using FivaTech. It propose an unsupervised, page-level data extraction to deduce the schema and templates for each individual huge Websites, which contains either singleton or multiple data records in one Webpage. FiVaTech applies tree matching, tree alignment, and mining techniques to achieve the challenging task. FivaTech is going to take place for web mining purpose.

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Electro Chemical Machining ECM is one of the non-conventional Machining Processes Which is Mostly used to Machine difficult to Machine materials such as super alloys Ti alloys, stainless steel etc. The major requirement of the process is that workpiece should be electrically conducting in nature. A large number of parameter influence material removal rate and surface roughness of part produced by ECM. Usually tool makers use tumbs rules and machine manual to set optimal process parameters for process. In this work response surface method-ology is adopted to study the effect of three important parameter such as voltage, electrolyte concentratation, inter electrode gap on MRR and SR. Box-Behnken Design Is Used to Design the Experiments by Using the U Shape Rotory Tool. Statically validation regressive equation is developed relating response like MRR and SR with input parameter.

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In India, currently available cycles are designed for niche market which are focuses for particular gender their physical attributes and usage pattern, thus utilization of these cycle becomes limited. So to design a unique bicycle which will cover all age group people and with different height and ergonomic requirement, segments form street bicycles to sports-off road. Cycle have main features like Variable wheel base, Seat vertical movement, Seat longitudinal movement, Seat axial movement, Handle height adjustment, Handle longitudinal angle adjustment, Light weight (Aluminum), Variable Pedal Length. Cycle should be for all age group, Unisex. To apply all the concepts of a limber bike, a sample bike on which it can be implementing was to be selected. After powerful market survey few bikes were shortlisted on which the limber bike can be developed. The parameters considered while selection of a benchmark bike were mainly dimensions, weight and cost. The bike shown in figure was finalized because it is simple in design, sturdy, light weight and practically assessed. The Limber bike concepts and linkages can now be implemented on this benchmarked bike and it can then be tested and validated rather than designing the entire bike from scrape. This will save significant amount of time and energy.

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Now a day internet users are increased drastically and malicious activities through internet have also been increased HTTP-based is one of the latest technology of botnet. It uses the HTTP protocol to make normal web traffic and passes the network security systems. Furthermore, HTTP protocol is normally used by normal applications and services on the web, so to detect the HTTP botnets having a low rate of false alarms has become a challenge. In this paper, we propose a detection approach to improve the HTTP-based botnet detection according the rate of false alarms and detect HTTP bots using different characteristics. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is able to reduce the false alarm rates in HTTP-based botnet detection successfully.

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This paper is related with the channel estimation of differential AF relaying for OFDM-MIMO network in multi-node communication over time-selective Rayleigh fading channels. To characterize the time-selective nature of the channels, a first order auto-regressive (AR) model is used. Based on the second order statistical properties of the wireless communication channels, we implemented a new set of combining weights for signal detection at the destination side. Here, symbol-by-symbol or block-by-block dual phase transmission protocol to be used. The proposed combining weights leads to better performance compared with the conventional combining scheme. To support the analysis, different scenarios to be carried out with its simulation results.

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Ball Bearings are used mostly in mechanical equipment due to its low friction capability. For efficient performance of bearing, it should be optimized by specific parameters. In this work, deep groove ball bearing is selected and the dynamic load capacity of it is to be optimized. The design parameters include bearing pitch diameter, the rolling element diameter, number of rolling elements and inner and outer-race groove curvature radii. The objective function is to maximize dynamic load capacity. The Teaching-Learning based Optimization technique is selected for the Optimization of Deep groove ball bearing. This method works on the effect of influence of a teacher on learners. Efforts are made to maximize the dynamic load carrying capacity of deep groove ball bearing with given design parameters and constraints.

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In the present Experimental study the heat transfer characteristics, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor of the horizontal concentric tube by changing its internal surface geometry was investigated. Experimentation were first conducted on smooth horizontal concentric tube and two different test section having different internal surface geometry i.e. by internal threading of pitches (p=1.78mm, p=3.57mm), under uniform wall heat flux condition. For experimentation purpose Reynolds number were varied in the range of 4000 to 9000. The tap water was used as a working fluid. The heat transfer characteristics, friction factor, thermal enhancement factor data obtained were compared with data obtained from smooth horizontal concentric tube under similar geometric and flow condition. The variation of heat transfer characteristics, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor were determined and depicted graphically. The heat transfer rate for tube whose internal geometry was changed is found to be much higher compared with smooth horizontal concentric tube. So by changing the internal surface geometry the performance of smooth horizontal concentric tube was improved.

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A novel approach to develop a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for real valued signal using Radix 25 algorithm is proposed in this paper. Methodology is to modify the flow graph of the FFT architecture. Redundant components are replaced by the imaginary computations. Hardware complexity of this RFFT architecture will be low compared to Radix 23 and Radix 24 algorithms in terms of adder, multiplier and delay. This proposed architecture maximizes utilization of hardware with no redundant computation. RFFT is used for real time applications and also in portable devices where low power consumption is the main requirement. So accordingly Vedic multiplier and carry propagate adder has been used in the proposed work. These adder and multiplier will help to reduce the delay of the system. So accordingly the system will be fast, which is a must have feature for the portable and real time systems.

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Thermal barrier coating play a very significant role in the performance prediction. These prospects of improving the design and performance have generated impetus to active research on adiabatic or more appropriately, low heat rejection (LHR) or insulated engines. So with this aim, this experiment presents concept of thermal barrier ceramic coating in Internal Combustion engines. This experiment will aim to study effect on performance and emissions results of with & without coating for four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The engine was thermally insulated by coating some parts of it, such as piston, exhaust and intake valves surfaces with TAFA95MXC material having 450µm thickness. The modified condition (coated parts) increase 2.12% thermal efficiency,fuel consumption decrease about 6.48%, exhaust gas temperature can be increase up to 11.42 %, CO reduced by 14.28%, HC reduced by 2.12% and NOx increased by 8.43 % compare to unmodified (original) condition.

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As we all know that network security is important aspects in today’s wireless world. Our all work mostly on internet only so provide safety to it is our prime concern. As we know that Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) plays major roles in morden communications, which provides a both convenient and flexible way of communications. As we know that basically WLAN basically divide in Pre-Shared Key(PSK) and Enterprise network. So in this paper what are the existing technology used and what are the bugs are there in that technology are discussed. As comparatively Wired technology Wireless is easily maintainable as in that no physically protection needed. As WLANs includes of cost effectiveness, ease of installation, and its mobility. As for security of your data in WLANs they used Encryption algorithm but by the time in every Encryption algorithm some vulnerability is exists. So my main focus on to improve more security compare to existing one technology. So by reading that I motivate to design new Wireless Network Protocol that provide security to the system.

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literature study of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete with the replacement of natural coarse aggregate and the cementitious byproducts like fly ash, ggbs, silica and others with replacement of cement. Also study the optimum usage in concrete without changing strength as compare to conventional concrete. This replacement will done with different water cement ratios.

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Mobile Ad-hoc network is a dynamic network and it is populated by mobile stations. MANET stations are mobile phone, laptop or any other smart hand-held device. These devices communicate through any internet technology like Wi-Fi, Blue-tooth or radio waves in decentralized manner. In this paper, evolution of the MANET, routing application and characteristics has been discussed. At the end, some challenges of MANET also been discussed

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PLC is a controller used to automate the industrial process and monitor itself. Programmable logic controller is used in many industries to control the whole process automatically with less human intervention and to avoid errors. With the rapid growth in technology wireless instrumentation has came into existence to avoid cabling infrastructure and to obtain efficient control. In order to have a wireless control the existing plcs have to be replaced with wireless plcs. PLCs are also used in homes and small scale industries to automate small process applications. So it is undesirable to invest on wireless PLCs which are expensive for home based applications. In this paper we present a novel approach of converting the existing wired plc into wireless plc by configuring EM4 by using EM4 soft software as communication interface between plc and process

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An industrial robot is a general-purpose, programmable machine. It possesses some anthropomorphic characteristics, i.e. human-like characteristics that resemble the human physical structure. There are lots of barriers which could affect the implementation and working of robot in industry. The purpose of this research is to find out different types of barriers grouping than as per their complexity and their impact on the industrial robotic assembly. Interpretive Structure Modeling (ISM) approach can be used to find out the important barrier and interrelationship between barriers.

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Quality control is of almost important in any industry. During the production process, many damaged or undesirable products are also produced. These kinds of products are unfit for use and deploying into the market and thereby need to be sorted out. Today, several machine vision software and cameras are available in the market. The software available is so effective that ready-made applications for automated inspection already exist. The user needs to give only the inputs to the software. In this paper solution is given to find the accuracy of defect at micron level. The application is implemented as Dynamic Link Library (DLL), developed using Microsoft Visual C++. The key idea behind it is that each point in the template point set can be exactly represented by an affine combination of its neighboring points. In this paper resolution of image is increased using interpolation. Using 2nd derivative pixel location of defect at micron level is calculated. As we move to subpixel the computation time is increased by using parallel programming this time can be reduced.

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In hierarchical routing protocols, cluster heads consume more energy since they are in charge of data aggregation as well as communications inside and outside of the cluster. The secondary objective of this work is to achieve a network with an optimum number of cluster heads at each round of data transmission. Although the focus of this work is on clustering, there are other techniques for reducing energy consumption such as topology control. A requirement in some algorithms for clustering is that the location of the base station should remain at a specific distance from the field. Therefore a major requirement in research is to develop a new method for the visualization of the residual energy data of WSN nodes to aid users in understanding the energy levels of WSN nodes deployed across the field.

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In modern digital VLSI circuits, the clock system is composed of flip-flops. The Clustered voltage scaling (CVS) is an effective way to reduce power dissipation and improve the performance in digital integrated circuits. Level converting flip-flops (LCFF) are the critical elements in the CVS scheme. And then low power level-converting flip-flop with a conditional clock technique (CC-LCFF) has been designed and the circuit is simulated in 90nm CMOS technology on Mentor Graphics tool. Along this one the clock signal will be conditionally blocked when the input data don’t make any transition, and then the internal node redundant transitions are eliminated and the total power dissipation is decreased. But the CC-LCFF design suffers from issues like long discharge path and some extra internal node switching activity. Due to this, less quantity of power is dissipated in level converting flip-flop with a conditional clock technique. To further shorten the power dissipation, a Conditional Pulse-Enhancement technique and conditional discharge technique is proposed in CCER-LCFF. The proposed techniques also reduce the length of the discharge path and internal nodes switching activity in LCFF. It will be designed in 90nm CMOS technology on Mentor Graphics tool for evaluating the power dissipated and the outcomes are compared with an existing blueprint.

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Denim is the most widely preferred fabric mainly for younger generation throughout the globe. So, studies of denim comfort related properties are necessary.A few studies carried out so far relate mainly to controlled trials done by changing weft material, its count and picks per inch. In the current study an attempt has been made to investigate some of the comfort related properties of denim fabric used commercially. Care is taken to keep GSM and weave of all the fabric samples same. The comfort parameters of denim such as air permeability, moisture management properties and the thermal properties were measured and evaluated. Also effect of few commercial finishing treatments was analyzed. Studies reveal that fiber type, yarn structure, fabric thickness etc play important role in deciding one or the other property.

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Over the past two decades, the growth dynamism in Gujarat agriculture come from input intensive land use and farm management practices, which resulted in over-exploitation of groundwater.But apart from this agricultural aspect, in this paper we have tried to focus the fluctuations of groundwater levels of Junagadh district of Saurashtra, Gujarat and correlate the same with the lithology. The region of Saurashtra is dominated by Deccan Trap rocks and some part of it by Quaternary milliolite. These basaltic rocks are devoid of primary porosity, however groundwater is available in large quantity mainly owing to secondary porosity that is inherent in weathered basaltic rocks due to profound columnar joints and vesicles at a shallow depth. The Quaternary milliolite with high porosity is found to occur around the coastal belts of Junagadh district of Saurahtra region. The groundwater levels in 145 number of observation wells of the study area have been analyzed , in the pre and post monsoon periods of around twelve years from the year 2002 to 2013 and correlation of groundwater fluctuations with respect to the lithology has been developed using GIS platform.

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Patients health monitoring process using the Webservice & Combination of Ontology, Rules. The two layers which are designed to describes the task of healthcare monitoring, Service Handling layer, Data & Communication layer are the two different layers. The Patients are monitoring and getting health-care alerts remotely from home. Data & Communication layer using REST WS technique used to provide data communication and remote data management. Service Handling layer provides healthcare remainder for patients, health updates with server. Service handling layer also guide the user to uses self-caring device under the guidance of certified doctor and Physician/Technician

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A flood frequency analysis of Sabarmati River at station Gandhinagar, Gujarat was carried out. The Sabarmati River is one of the biggest rivers of Gujarat. It originates in Aravalli Range of the Udaipur District of Rajasthan and meets the Gulf of Cambay of Arabian Sea after travelling 371 km in a south-west direction. The present study covers analysis of annual peak flow of Sabarmati River at station Gandhinagar. Five statistical methods were used in the study namely, California method, Weibull method, Hazen method, Cbegodayev and Blom method. Probability analysis using methods mentioned above is carried out in the present study and results are derived graphically

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This work is concerned with vibration (Modal) analysis of a laminated composite plate structure with different Angle orientation of ply. The finite Element method has been used computational by means of ANSYS 14.5. a main reason for adopting ANSYS 14.5 is that there is no such analytical model has been develop for Laminate composite plate structure in presence of singularities i.e. Cutout. Moreover parametric analysis has also been carried out for detailed convergence study plate vibration in presence of cutout. Following analysis have been carried out for different boundary condition i.e. CFFF and SSSS to allocate optimum location of cutout for optimum natural frequency in order to make laminate composite structure statically and dynamically balanced The obtained FEM results are validated with experimental and analytical result of available literature and it result shows good agreement.

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With the advancement of technology the demand of electrical energy has also increased. The demand of electricity has become the parameter of growth of a nation. An electrical utility company has to use its existing transmission capacity to feed the ever increasing demand of electricity, due to the transmission lines has to be operated near its thermal stability limit. Operating the lines in close proximity to or above thermal stability limits makes system vulnerable to faults moreover it also increases the losses in the system. One way to increase the transmission capacity of the system without operating it to its thermal stability limit is to provide reactive power compensation at various locations. Reactive power reparation improves the voltage profile of the system, increase the power transfer in the lines and reduce losses. STATCOM is one such device that is used for reactive power compensation. It provides reactive power compensation thereby improving the voltage profile of the system. In this thesis reactive power compensation is attempted using STATCOM. To study its effect Load flow study is performed on IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronics engineer) 5 bus, IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus with and without STATCOM and the results are then compared to show the effect of STATCOM on the system. Newton Raphson method is used for the load flow study of the system. Simulation is done using MATLAB (Matrix Laboratories).

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Plasma is the 4th state of matter and a gas becomes plasma when the kinetic energy of the gas particles equals the ionisation energy of the gas. When gas molecules reaches excited state, molecule breakdown takes place and collision between excited species takes place. In this state it behaves as a chemically very active environment and the surface interaction with organic substrates takes place[1]. Pilling is the ball like structures on the surface of the fabrics that are formed due to repeated abrasion. Synthetic fabrics especially knitted are likely to pill more because of smooth surface and higher tensile strength. . This paper focuses on application of plasma treatment and its effect on various types of acrylic fabrics. The treated and untreated fabrics viewed under SEM and pilling tests and tensile strength test were carried out. It was observed that plasma treatment makes the fibre surface rough and decreases tensile strength of fibre; thus reducing the formation of pills on the fabrics by increasing inter fibre friction and detaching the pills from the fabric surface.

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